L1 - L4 Flashcards
Earth is the only planet in the solar system that supports_____.
Life
Earth has a large amount of liquid water about __% of the surface of the Earth is covered by liquid or frozen water. Because of this, Earth is sometimes called “________.”
70%
blue planet
It is the gaseous layer above the Earth’s surface
Atmosphere
Atmosphere is primarily composed of __% nitrogen and __% oxygen. Other gases like argon, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and other inert gases made the remaining __%
78%
21%
1%
Protect us in harmful rays of the zone
Ozone Layer
The zone of Earth where all forms of life exist: in the sea, on land, and in water.
Biosphere
Biosphere is sometimes called_____.
Large Ecosystem
is a very thin layer of the earth’s surface.
Biosphere
consisting of the entire planet from the center of the core to the outer crust. It includes the core, mantle, and crust of the Earth.
Geosphere
The water part of the Earth which circulates among oceans, continents, glaciers, and atmosphere.
Hydrosphere
Oceans cover __% of the Earth and contain __% of its water.
71%
97.5%
make up the rocks beneath your feet, the soil that supports plants, and the deep rock of Earth’s mantle.
Minerals
It must be product of Earth’s physical processes. Something that is never living. Or originated in from a living organism.
Inorganic
A mineral must be chemically and physically uniform down to the atomic level. This homogeneity means that the mineral will have absolutely predictable physical properties including hardness, density, and streak.
Homogenous Product
Represented by a chemical formula.
Definite Chemical Composition
Atoms of minerals are arranged in an orderly and repeating pattern.
Orderly Crystalline Structure
mineral’s color may change depending on the surface.
Color
color of mineral in powdered form.
Streak
minerals resistance to scratching
Hardness
mineral’s resistance to being broken and fracture
Cleavage
ability to allow light to pass
Diaphaneity/amount of transparency
other property of minerals
Crystalline structure or habit
is the scientific study of rocks
Petrology
classified rocks based on how they were formed. In general, rocks are classified as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock.
Petrologist
Three Types of Rock
Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
formed from hardening and crystallization of magma or molten material that originates deep within the earth.
Igneous
______when its inside the volcano, ____ is outside the volcano.
Magma, Lava
forms when magma makes its way to Earth’s surface as lava and then cools
Extrusive/Volcanic Rock
The crystals are very small (fine grained) since the cooling process is _____.
Fast
It cools slowly beneath the Earth surface and are created by magma. rocks have very large crystals
Intrusive/Plutonic
provide information about surface conditions that existed in the Earth’s past.
Sedimentary Rocks
formed from accumulation of clasts: little pieces of broken rocks and shells. Examples: conglomerate, breccia, sandstone, shale
Clastic Sedimentary Rock
formed when dissolved minerals precipitate from a solution.
Example: Halite - formed when a body of seawater becomes closed off and evaporates.
Chemical Sedimentary Rock
- rocks formed from the accumulation of animal debris
Example: Coal - composed of organic matter in the form of plants fragments.
Organic Sedimentary Rock
forms from pre-existing rocks: either metamorphic, igneous, sedimentary
Examples: Quartzite, marble, slate, phyllite
Metamorphic
transformation of one rock type into another.
Metamorphism
due to changes in pressure and temperature over large region of the crust
Regional
mainly by heat due to contact with magma
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