L1 - L4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Earth is the only planet in the solar system that supports_____.

A

Life

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2
Q

Earth has a large amount of liquid water about __% of the surface of the Earth is covered by liquid or frozen water. Because of this, Earth is sometimes called “________.”

A

70%
blue planet

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3
Q

It is the gaseous layer above the Earth’s surface

A

Atmosphere

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4
Q

Atmosphere is primarily composed of __% nitrogen and __% oxygen. Other gases like argon, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and other inert gases made the remaining __%

A

78%
21%
1%

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5
Q

Protect us in harmful rays of the zone

A

Ozone Layer

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6
Q

The zone of Earth where all forms of life exist: in the sea, on land, and in water.

A

Biosphere

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7
Q

Biosphere is sometimes called_____.

A

Large Ecosystem

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8
Q

is a very thin layer of the earth’s surface.

A

Biosphere

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9
Q

consisting of the entire planet from the center of the core to the outer crust. It includes the core, mantle, and crust of the Earth.

A

Geosphere

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10
Q

The water part of the Earth which circulates among oceans, continents, glaciers, and atmosphere.

A

Hydrosphere

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11
Q

Oceans cover __% of the Earth and contain __% of its water.

A

71%
97.5%

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12
Q

make up the rocks beneath your feet, the soil that supports plants, and the deep rock of Earth’s mantle.

A

Minerals

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13
Q

It must be product of Earth’s physical processes. Something that is never living. Or originated in from a living organism.

A

Inorganic

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14
Q

A mineral must be chemically and physically uniform down to the atomic level. This homogeneity means that the mineral will have absolutely predictable physical properties including hardness, density, and streak.

A

Homogenous Product

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15
Q

Represented by a chemical formula.

A

Definite Chemical Composition

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16
Q

Atoms of minerals are arranged in an orderly and repeating pattern.

A

Orderly Crystalline Structure

17
Q

mineral’s color may change depending on the surface.

A

Color

18
Q

color of mineral in powdered form.

A

Streak

19
Q

minerals resistance to scratching

A

Hardness

20
Q

mineral’s resistance to being broken and fracture

A

Cleavage

21
Q

ability to allow light to pass

A

Diaphaneity/amount of transparency

22
Q

other property of minerals

A

Crystalline structure or habit

23
Q

is the scientific study of rocks

A

Petrology

24
Q

classified rocks based on how they were formed. In general, rocks are classified as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock.

A

Petrologist

25
Q

Three Types of Rock

A

Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic

26
Q

formed from hardening and crystallization of magma or molten material that originates deep within the earth.

A

Igneous

27
Q

______when its inside the volcano, ____ is outside the volcano.

A

Magma, Lava

28
Q

forms when magma makes its way to Earth’s surface as lava and then cools

A

Extrusive/Volcanic Rock

29
Q

The crystals are very small (fine grained) since the cooling process is _____.

A

Fast

30
Q

It cools slowly beneath the Earth surface and are created by magma. rocks have very large crystals

A

Intrusive/Plutonic

31
Q

provide information about surface conditions that existed in the Earth’s past.

A

Sedimentary Rocks

32
Q

formed from accumulation of clasts: little pieces of broken rocks and shells. Examples: conglomerate, breccia, sandstone, shale

A

Clastic Sedimentary Rock

33
Q

formed when dissolved minerals precipitate from a solution.
Example: Halite - formed when a body of seawater becomes closed off and evaporates.

A

Chemical Sedimentary Rock

34
Q

- rocks formed from the accumulation of animal debris
Example: Coal - composed of organic matter in the form of plants fragments.

A

Organic Sedimentary Rock

35
Q

forms from pre-existing rocks: either metamorphic, igneous, sedimentary
Examples: Quartzite, marble, slate, phyllite

A

Metamorphic

36
Q

transformation of one rock type into another.

A

Metamorphism

37
Q

due to changes in pressure and temperature over large region of the crust

A

Regional

38
Q

mainly by heat due to contact with magma

A

Contact