L1 Introduction to Respiration Flashcards
what are the functions of the respiratory system?
gas exchange, O2 from air to blood and CO2 from blood to air
involved in speech and smell
what are the functional divisions of the respiratory system?
conduction portion which transports and conditions (warms, moistens, filters) air
respiratory portion made up of thin, moist delicate membrane and is the site of gas exchange
which areas border the conducting portion of the upper respiratory system and what structures is it made up of?
nasal cavity to terminal bronchi
nasal cavity contains sup, mid and inf conchae and meatuses, which create turbulent air flow. goes to nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx (upto laryngeal prominence)
what are the functions of the paranasal sinuses, what are their names and where are they found?
function:
warm, moisten and filter air. makes the skull lighter
maxillary sinuses are located under the eyes; the frontal sinuses are above the eyes; the ethmoidal sinuses are between the eyes and the sphenoidal sinuses are behind the eyes.
what is the difference in size and shape between right and left lung?
right - short, broad, larger, 3 lobes (sub, mid, inf). also has horizontal fissure
left - tall, narrow, 2 lobes (sup, inf). has a lingula
both have oblique fissure and have domed diagphragmatic surface as well as costal indentations
what are the acronyms for how the left lung and right lung hila/hilum are structured?
left: LABV (descending order)
artery
bronchus
veins
RALS
Right artery is Anterior to bronchi
Left artery is Superior to bronchus
what structures make up the lower conducting portion?
trachea main bronchi to lungs lobar bronchi to lobes segmental bronchi to segment terminal bronchi to terminal branch
which structures make up the respiratory portion?
terminal bronchiole branches into respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs. gas exchange starts at respiratory bronchiole
what blood do the pulmonary vessels carry?
pulmonary artery - deoxygenated blood
pulmonary vein - oxygenated blood
what is the difference and the divisions for the functional and anatomical systems?
functional system is divided into conducting and respiratory system
anatomical divisions are upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract.
URT - nasal cavity to pharynx to larynx
LRT - trachea to bronchi to lungs
what are the functions of the thoracic cage?
Protection
- Bony cage around vital organs (including upper abdominal organs)
Respiratory movements
- Changes in thoracic volume underlie movement of fresh air into lungs and stale air out.
in which intercostal spaces are the pulmonary/aortic valves and the apex of the heart found?
pulmonary/aortic valves in 2nd intercostal space
apex of heart in 5th intercostal space
in which 3 planes of movement does the thoracic cage move in?
vertical
antero-posterior
transverse
what are the functions of the diaphragm?
Closes off thoracic outlet;
Separates thorax from abdomen;
Comprises radial muscle fibres inserted into central tendon;
Domes upwards – more on right;
Plays major role in breathing;
Apertures allow passage of structures (vessels, nerves, oesophagus) to and from abdomen.
how is the diaphragm innervated?
phrenic nerve - from C3,4,5
