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PEOPLE AND THE EARTH'S ECOLOGY > L1: Introduction to People’s Earth and Ecosystem > Flashcards

L1: Introduction to People’s Earth and Ecosystem Flashcards

1
Q

Interdisciplinary study which deals with how the earth works, our interaction with the earth and ways to deal with environment problems and live more sustainably.

A

Environmental Science

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2
Q

The study of
the interaction of humans with the
natural environment.

A

Environmental Science

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3
Q

What are the conditions
that surround living organisms?

A

Climate
Air and Water Quality
Soil and Land Forms
Presence of other living organism

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4
Q

An interdisciplinary study of how
humans interact with living and
nonliving parts of their environment

A

Environmental Science

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5
Q

A social movement dedicated to
protecting earth’s life.

A

Environmentalism

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6
Q

Environmentalism is practiced more in the ________ and________ than in the realm of
science

A

Political and
Ethical Arenas

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7
Q

The ability of the earth’s various natural
systems. and human cultural systems and
economies to survive and adapt to changing
environmental conditions indefinitely

A

Sustainability

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8
Q

It is the biological variety and variability
of life on earth.

A

Biodiversity

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9
Q

The sun warms the planet thus the
production of food in plants not only for
themselves but for humans and most
animals.

A

Solar Energy

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10
Q

It pertains to the natural processes recycle nutrients or chemicals

A

Chemical Cycling

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11
Q

The chemical cycling is necessary because there is a _____________ on earth.

A

fixed supply of nutrients

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12
Q

What are the 8 environmental problems?

A

Climate Change
Acidification
Ozone Depletion
Chemical/Particle Pollution
Biogeochemical Cycles
Biodiversity Loss
Deforestation
Fresh Water Use

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13
Q

is a community or group
of living organisms that live in and
interact with each other in a specific
environment.

A

Ecosystem

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14
Q

is a physically defined
environment, made up of two
inseparable components: abiotic and biotic

A

Ecosystem

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15
Q

Other term for abiotic

A

Biotope

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16
Q

Other term for biotic

A

Biocenosis

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17
Q

a particular physical environment
with specific physical characteristics such as the climate, temperature, humidity concentration of nutrients or pH.

A

biotope |abiotic

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18
Q

a set of living organisms such as animals, plants or microorganisms. that are in constant interaction and are, therefore, in a situation of
interdependence

A

biocenosis |biotic

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19
Q

Degradation of normally renewable
natural resources and services in parts
of the world, mostly as a result of rising
population and resource use per
person.

A

Natural Capital

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20
Q

natural resources + natural services +
the sun

A

Natural Capital

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21
Q

It is a concept in economics and environmental science that describes a situation where individuals, acting in their self-interest, deplete or spoil a shared resource, leading to the long-term detriment of the entire group.

A

Tragedy of the Commons

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22
Q

Who popularized the term “Tragedy of the Commons”?

A

Garrett Hardin

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23
Q

When did Garrett Hardin popularized
the term “Tragedy of the Commons”?

A

1968

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24
Q

Ecologist Garrett Hardin popularized
the term in his 1968 essay titled?

A

Tragedy of the Commons

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25
Materials and energy in nature that are essential or useful to humans
Natural Resources
26
3 Classification of Natural Resources
Renewable Non-renewable Inexhaustible
27
Example of renewable resources
Air, Water, Soil, Plants, Wind
28
Example of non-renewable resources
Copper, Oil, Coal
29
Example of inexhaustible resources
Solar Energy
30
Processes in nature such as purification or air and water, pollination
Natural Services
31
One of the vital natural services
Nutrient Cycling
32
The amount of biologically productive land and water needed to indefinitely supply the people in a particular country or area with renewable resources and to absorb and recycle the wastes and pollution produced by such resource use.
Ecological Footprint
33
As our ecological footprint grows, the more the earth's natural capital ______ and _______.
depletes and degrades
34
Back in 2010, the developers of the ecological footprint concept said that if everyone would consume like the average American, the earth could only indefinitely support about ____________ people.
1.3 billion
35
An ____________ is one measurement of a person's resource use.
Ecological Footprint
36
____________ have a much larger footprint, reflecting a much larger use of resources.
Developed countries
37
Developed countries have a much ________ footprint, reflecting a much ____________.
Larger |larger use of resources
38
Determines how fast humans consume and produce waste compared to how fast nature can absorb and produce resources
Ecological Footprint
39
is a measure of the impact our activities have on the environment, and in particular climate change.
Carbon Footprint
40
It relates to the amount of green house gases produced in our day-to -day lives through burning fossil fuels for electricity, heating and transportation etc.
Carbon Footprint
41
Time delay between unsustainable practices and detrimental environmental effects can cause environmental problems to build slowly until the threshold, this is also known as?
Ecological Tipping Point
42
What is carbon footprint compared to ecological footprint?
- Measures CO2 generated by activities - Only includes carbon emission numbers - Can be used for Carbon Credit Marketplace - Directly impacts climate change
43
What is ecological footprint to compared to carbon footprint?
- Measures renewable and non-renewable resources used - Includes both carbon emissions and environmental impact - Used to gauge global consumption -Directly impacts continuing life on Earth
44
Reaching the tipping point often causes _______shift in the behavior of natural systems.
irreversible
45
________of an ecosystem is an estimate of its production of certain biological materials.
Biocapacity
46
If a country's total ecological footprint is larger than its biological capacity to replenish its renewable resources and absorb the resulting wastes and pollution it is said to have an__________
Ecological Deficit
47
Sustainability is when human needs are met so that the population can survive ________.
Indefinitely
48
The Earth is a _________, meaning nothing enters or leaves the Earth in large quantities.
Closed System
49
Earth biomes are categorized in two major groups:
Terrestrial Biomes Aquatic Biomes
50
Type of biomes that are based on land
Terrestrial Biomes
51
Type of biomes that include both ocean and fresh water biomes
Aquatic Biomes
52
8 major terrestrial biomes; distinguished by characteristic __________ and amount of __________.
temperatures | precipitation
53
Rivers and streams, lakes and ponds, and wetlands are classified as?
Fresh Water
54
Ocean, and Estuaries are classified as?
Marine
55
consumers that release nutrients from dead organic matter.
Decomposers
56
Energy flows through ecosystems in _______ and _______.
food chains and food webs
57
the dry weight of all organic matter contained in its organisms
Biomass
58
Biomass is transferred from one ________ to another
trophic level
59
Aquatic biome is divided into 2 categories
Fresh water and Marine
60
Aquatic biome covers about ______ of earth's surface
75%
61
3 Trophic Level
Producers (autotrophs) Consumers (heterotrophs) Decomposers
62
The rate at which an ecosystem's producers convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of biomass found in their tissues. Kcal/m^2/yr
Gross Primary Productivity (GPP)
63
Usually measured in terms of energy production per unit area over a given time span
Gross Primary Productivity (GPP)
64
The rate at which producers use photosynthesis to produce and store chemical energy minus the rate at which they use some of this stored chemical energy through aerobic respiration
Net Primary Productivity (NPP)
65
Measures how fast producers can produce chemical energy that is stored in their tissue and potentially available to other organisms in an ecosystem
Net Primary Productivity (NPP)
66
is a degradation or an undesired change in air, water, or soil that affects the health of living things.
Pollution
67
is the number of different species present in one specific ecosystem.
Biodiversity
68
is the discipline that studies the moral relationship of human beings to the environment
Environmental Ethics
69
explores issues and problems over the entire world, not just within the local community.
Global Environmentalism
69
This questions whether the benefit of doing something justifies the economic cost.
cost or benefit analysis
69
A model that shows how population size, resource consumption per person, and the beneficial or harmful effects of technology to determine environmental impact of humans.
IPAT Model
69
Also known as mortality rate
Death Rate
70
Also known as Natality
Birth Rate
70
is the annual number of live births per 1000 people in the population of a geographic area at the midpoint of a given year.
Crude Birth Rate
70
is the annual number of deaths per 1000 people in the population of a geographic area at the midpoint of a given year.
Crude Death Rate
71
The increase in population size in a certain geographical area that isn't caused by natural increase but by people deciding to move with intent of staying
Migration
72
traveling out of a place
Emigration
72
2 Economic factors that affect death rates
Life expectancy and Infant mortality rate
73
The average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.
Life expectancy
73
traveling into another (type of Migration)
Immigration
74

PEOPLE AND THE EARTH'S ECOLOGY (7 decks)

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