L1 Introduction to Neurology Flashcards
what general area of the brain houses more cerebral function
the top of the brain - frontal, parietal lobes etc.
what part of the brain houses more primal functions
lower part - medulla oblongata & midbrain etc.
general functions of frontal lobe
motor, executive function, speech production
general functions of parietal lobe
sensory integration
dominant hemisphere: calculation, wiriting praxis
non-dominant hemisphere: spatial awareness and dressing
general functions of temporal lobe
hearing, memory, semantics, recognition, speech comprehension
general function of occipital lobe
visual processing
basal ganglia general function
co-ordinates movement (particularly the magnitude of movement)
general functions of thalamus
connects broadly with different cortial areas, functions in sensory, motor and limbic systems
general functions of hypothalamus
maintains internal homeostasis
what structures are contained in the brainstem
midbrain, pons, medulla oblingata
what are the main functions of the cerebellum
coordination and balance
where do the upper motor neurons carry information
from the top of the brain to the brain stem (ie. within the CNS)
where do the lower motor neurons carry information
from the brainstem to the rest of the body (ie. the PNS)
symptoms of an upper motor neuron lesion
- increased tone (spasticity)
- brisk reflexes
- ankle clonus
- upgoing plantars
- pyaramidal weakness
- no fasciculations
- minimal wasting
symptoms of lower motor neuron lesions
- normal or descreased tone
- depressed reflexes
- downgoing planatars
- flaccid weakness
- wasing
- fasciculations
what is CN I
the olfactory nerve
is the olfactory nerve sensory or motor
sensory
what is the function of CN I
smell, anosmia, and taste
what is CNII
optic nerve
is the optic nerve sensory or motor
sensory
function of CN II
visual acuity and visual fields
what is CN III
occulomotor
is the occulomotor nerve sensory or motor
motor
function of CN III
eye movements
what is CN IV
trochlear
is the trochlear nerve sensory or motor
motor
what is the function of CN IV
eye movements (the superior oblique muscle)
what is CN V
trigeminal
is the trigeminal nerve sensory or motor
both
what are the subdivisions of CN V
- V1 - ophthalmic
- V2 - maxillary
- V3 - mandibular
what are the sensory subdivisions and functions of CN V
- V1 - ophthalmic
- V2 - maxillary
- V3 - mandibular
supply sensory innervation to the face and buccal mucosa
what are the motor subdivisions and functions of CN V
- V3 mandibular
provides motor innervation to muscles of mastication
what is CN VI
abducens
is the abducens sensory or motor
motor
function of CN VI
eye movement (lateral rectus muscle)
what is CN VII
facial
is the facial nerve sensory or motor
both
CN VII sensory function
taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue)
motor function of CN VII
facial expression muscles
autonomic function of CN VII
submandibular and sublingual (salivary) glands
what is CN VIII
vestibulocochlear
is the vestibulocochlear nerve motor or sensory
sensory
function of the cochlear branch of CN VIII
hearing
function of vestibular banch of CN VIII
sensory information about orientation from semicircular canals
what is CN IX
glossopharyngeal
is the glossopharyngeal nerve sensory or motor
both
sensory functions of CN IX
sensory innervation to the pharynx and taste in posterior 1/3 of tongue
motor function of CN IX
motor innervation to Stylopharyngeus (larynx/pharynx elevation), and parotid gland for secretion of saliva
what is CN X
vagus
is the vagus nerve sensory or motor
both
motor functions of CN X
Pharynx, vocal cords, soft palate, and upper oesophagus
sensory functions of CN X
innervation to the larynx
what is CN XI
accessory
is the accessory nerve motor or sensory
motor
functions of CN XI
Motor to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles (particular for breathing)
what is CN XII
hypoglossal
is the hypoglossal nerve motor or sensory
motor
functions of CN XII
tongue movements
example of a deficit of CN XII
unilateral paralysis resulting in wasting, and deviation of tongue to the affected side.
which system is involved in flaccid and spastic dysarthria
pyramidal system
which system is involved in hyperkinetic and hypokinetic dysarthria
extrapyramidal system
which system is involved in ataxic dysarthria
cerebellar
