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BMS242 Core Phys Pharm > L1 - Introduction > Flashcards

L1 - Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the membrane

A

Divide EC and IC environments

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2
Q

PM composition

A

42% lipid
55% protein
3% carbohydrate

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3
Q

Na is ________ inside and ________ outside

A

High outside

Low Inside

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4
Q

K is _______ inside and __________ outside

A

High inside

Low outside

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5
Q

Ca is _________ inside and _______ outside

A

High on the outside

VERY low inside

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6
Q

Function of bicarbonate

A

Buffer against pH changes

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7
Q

Usually Cl is _______ inside and __________ outside

A

Low outside

High Inside

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8
Q

What is special about the IC Cl value of Cl secreting cells

A

High inside

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9
Q

What is the concentration of PO4(2-) inside the cell

A

High

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10
Q

Why is PO4(2-) high inside of the cell

A

For ATP production

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11
Q

How do lipid soluble molecules move across the membrane

A

Diffusion

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12
Q

To move across the membrane small molecules and ions require

A

Transport proteins

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13
Q

Method of transport across the membrane for large molecules

A

Endocytosis

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14
Q

Characteristics of active transport

A

Using pumps

ATP driven

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15
Q

What is the turnover like for active transport

A

Low

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16
Q

What does the term ‘directly active mean’

A

Needs to energy from ATP hydrolysis directly

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17
Q

Active transport occurs in the _________ or ___________ an electrochemical gradient

A

Absence or against

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18
Q

What does passive transport depend upon?

A

Electrochemical gradient

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19
Q

What is the turnover like for passive transport

A

Very high

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20
Q

Passive transport is _________

A

Highly selective

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21
Q

Why is a maximum rate of passive transport acheived

A

Transporters become saturated - only a limitted number

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22
Q

Describe a symporter mechanism

A

Two solutes same direction

23
Q

Describe a uni porter

A

One solute one direction

24
Q

Describe an antiporter

A

Two solutes in opposite directions

25
Q

What is the mechanism for carrier mediated transport

A

Binding of solute to highly selective site
Conformational change
Release of solute onto the other side

26
Q

What is the Na/Glucose cotransporter an example of

A

Co transport

27
Q

Why is Na/Glucose co transport called secondary active?

A

Relies on the inward gradient for Na generated by the Na/K ATPase

28
Q

Why is the Na/K ATPase known as ubiquitous

A

Found in every cell of the body

29
Q

One example of a cell where the Na/K ATPase is not found

A

The red blood cell of the dog

30
Q

Structure of the Na/K ATPase

A

Tetramer

2 alpha 2 beta

31
Q

What does electogenic mean

A

Charge creating

32
Q

Why is the Na/K ATPase an electrogenic form of transport

A

Creates a charge (3+ out for only 2+ in)

33
Q

What is the movement rate of ions through a channel per second

A

10^6 / 10^8

34
Q

Who developed the patch clamp technique

A

Nehr and Sakman

35
Q

Describe the patch clamp technique

A

Allows a very small current flowing through an ion channel to be measured directly

36
Q

Describe the cell attached patch clamp technique

A

Pipette sealed to membrane to form a gigaseal

Allow recording of currents through 1 or a few ion channels

37
Q

What is a voltage clamp

A

Pulse of suction to rupture membrane so electrode now measures the total current flow across the cell membrane

38
Q

What does a voltage clamp measure

A

Total current flow across a cell membrane

39
Q

Uses for patch clamping

A

Identification
Regulation
Physiological Function

40
Q

Recall the equation for patch clamping

A

I = N . P(_O) . g (Vm- Ei)

41
Q

In the patch clamp equation what does I represent

A

Total current carried by population channels

42
Q

In the patch clamp equation what does N represent

A

Number of channels

43
Q

In the patch clamp equation what does Po represent

A

The open probability

44
Q

In the patch clamp equation what does g represent

A

Single channel conductance

45
Q

In the patch clamp equation what does Vm represent

A

The membrane potential

46
Q

In the patch clamp equation what does Ei represent

A

Equillibrium potential for ion i

47
Q

What is meant by ‘molecular families of ion channels’

A

That many variations of ion channels found throughout the body
So a mutation in a gene coding a K channel in the ileum may not effect K ion channels in the brain for example

48
Q

Properties of the Kv channel

A

Voltage gated K channel
6 transmembrane domains
4th transmembrane domain is +vely charged
N + C terminus insdie of the cell

49
Q

Properties of the Na V channel

A

Voltage gated sodium ion channel
3 subunits a1 b1 b2
24 transmembrane domains
Tm domain in each b1 b2

50
Q

Properties of the Kir channel

A

Inwardly rectifying

2 transmembrane domains

51
Q

Properties of CFTR Cl- channel

A

12 transmembrane domains

2 groups of 6

52
Q

Describe the K channel crystal structure

A

KcsA (bacterial K channel) homolgous to Kir mammalian family
X ray diffraction analysis showed that there is more than one K ion in the pore at any one time

53
Q

What were the main results of the X ray diffraction analysis on the KscA channel

A

Showed more than one K ion in the pore at any one time

BMS242 Core Phys Pharm (9 decks)

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