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Intro to Psycholinguistics > L1 - Introduction > Flashcards

L1 - Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

According to Hockett (1960) how many characteristics can be identified to distinguish between language and communication?

A

16

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2
Q

What are design features according to Hockett (1960)?

A

Characteristics of language

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3
Q

According to Hockett (1960), what does it mean if a type of language has semanticity?

A

It means that words used are signs or symbols that express meaning.

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4
Q

According to Hockett (1960), what does it mean if a type of language has arbitrariness?

A

That there is no intrinsic relation between a word and it’s meaning (i.e not just onomatopoeia).

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5
Q

According to Hockett (1960), what does it mean if a type of language has displacement?

A

Not tied to the here and now - hypothetical, past or future situations can be discussed.

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6
Q

According to Hockett (1960), what does it mean if a type of language has productivity/generativity?

A

New language can be generated

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7
Q

According to Hockett (1960), what does it mean if a type of language has prevarication?

A

It can be used to lie.

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8
Q

According to Hockett (1960), what does it mean if a type of language has reflexiveness?

A

The ability to use language to talk about language

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9
Q

Name 6 design features devised by Hockett (1960).

A 
Semanticity
Arbitrariness
Displacement
Productivity/Generativity
Prevarication
Reflexivity
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10
Q

Who had an enormous influence on early Psycholinguistics?

A

Noam Chomsky

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11
Q

What are linguists interested in?

A

Interested in describing language itself, not how it is being used.

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12
Q

What important linguistic distinction did Chomsky make?

A

The difference between competence and performance.
Competence is more about the bare bones of language (linguistics), while performance is more about the actual language use in concrete situations (psycholinguistics).

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13
Q

What is competence according to Chomsky?

A

Speaker-hearer’s knowledge of the language.

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14
Q

Competent language/sentences allow for what?

A

Grammaticality judgements

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15
Q

What is performance according to Chomsky?

A

The actual use of language in concrete situations.

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16
Q

Why might performance of language not be the same as our competency of language?

A

Hesitations, errors, distractions and memory limitations.

17
Q

Grammaticality judgements are what?

A
  • not the same as sensicality judgements
  • not based on rules learned at school or prior exposure.
  • based on implicit knowledge and syntactic rules of your language.
18
Q

What is rule-governed creativity?

A

We cannot store all the possible combinations of sentences in our head and we can always come up with new ones that are well-formed.

19
Q

What does NP stand for?

A

Noun phrase

20
Q

What does a noun phrase comprise of?

A

NP: (DET) (ADJ) n (PP)

An optional determiner (DET), an optional adjective (ADJ), a noun and a prepositional phrase (PP)

21
Q

What does a verb phrase consist of?

A

VP: V (NP) (PP)

Verb, with an optional noun phrase and an optional prepositional phrase.

22
Q

What does a prepositional phrase consist of?

A

PP: P (NP)

Preposition with an optional noun phrase

23
Q

What are phonetics?

A

Describes the speech sounds that occur in all the world’s languages.

24
Q

What is phonology?

A

The way speech sounds form systems in a given language.

25
Q

What is morphology?

A

The study of word formation. Concerned with the structure of words and parts of words, such as stems, root words, prefixes, and suffixes.

26
Q

What is syntax?

A

Sentence structure.

The arrangement of words and phrases, and use of punctuation, to create well-formed sentences in a language.

27
Q

What is semantics?

A

Meaning

28
Q

What is pragmatics?

A

Language in context.

29
Q

What is articulatory phonetics?

A

How speech sounds are made.

30
Q

What is auditory phonetics?

A

How speech sounds are perceived.

31
Q

What is acoustic phonetics?

A

The physical properties of sounds.

32
Q

What is IPA?

A

International Phonetic Alphabet

33
Q

What are phones?

A

The inventory of phonetic segments that occur in your language. [enclosed in square brackets]

34
Q

What are phonemes?

A

The sounds in your language that can distinguish between words. /phonemes are enclosed in slashes/

35
Q

What are minimal pairs?

A

Used to determine the phonemes of a language. E.g. sip and zip, fine and vine, etc.

36
Q

What is a morpheme?

A

The smallest grammatical unit or unit of meaning

Intro to Psycholinguistics (1 decks)

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