L1: introduction Flashcards
Human anatomy
is the science concerned with the structure of the human body.
The term ‘anatomy’ is derived from the Greek word meaning
“to cut up”
(“ana,” meaning
“up,”
“tome,” meaning
“a cutting.”
Human anatomy is a practical, applied science that provides
the foundation
for understanding physical performance and body health.
Subdivision of human anatomy are
- gross
- surface
- microscopic
- radiological
- surgical
- developmental (embryology)
It is the study of the structures of a cadaver that can be observed with naked eye.
gross anatomy
The study
of gross anatomy may involve
dissection
The aim of gross anatomy is
to collect data about the larger structures of organs and
organ systems.
It deals with surface features of the body that can be observed or palpated (felt firmly). It is
often neglected part of anatomy as we focus more on studying the internal anatomy.
surface anatomy
why is surface anatomy knowledge important
its essential to one’s competence in many procedures such as:
- cardiopulmonary resuscitation,
- surgery,
- physical therapy
- making X rays and electrocardiograms
- giving injections,
- drawing blood,
- listening to heart
- and respiratory sounds,
- measuring the pulse and blood pressure,
- and finding pressure points to stop arterial bleeding, among other procedures.
It deals with the study of structures with the help of a microscope.
Microscopic anatomy
cytology
study of cells
histology
study of tissue
(vital stains)
certain dyes that stain cells/tissues
It involves the study of anatomical structures as they are visualized by X-rays,
ultrasound scans or other specialized procedures (CT/MRI scans) performed on living body.
Radiological anatomy:
radiopaque substances
can be ingested or injected for visualizing internal organs.
Angiography
making a radiograph after injecting a dye into the blood stream.
It deals with the study of prenatal stages (266/280 days) of
development.
Developmental anatomy (embryology)
why is embryology important
It is helpful in understanding the adult anatomy and congenital anomalies (birth defects).
All descriptions of the human
body is based on the assumption that the person is:
• Standing erect • Eyes look straight to the front • Upper limbs are by the sides of the body, palms facing forward • Lower limbs are together and digits (toes) pointing forward
Supine position
laying on the back
Prone position
laying on the stomach
Lithotomy position
It involves lying on your back with your legs flexed 90 degrees at your hips
