L1 intro Flashcards
How did we as humans impact nature ?
Bc of environmental impacts and pollution that increased
Our beliefsystem and attitude toward nature changed: nature could and should be cultivated vs wasteland. It’s for our care / benefit
Explain the views dilemma of being part of nature or being separated from it
Do we harvest and utilize nature or do we leave it alone? Or are we tot treat is as a resource for good?
How is nature viewed from an industrial revolution perspective?
That humans have full control over nature. It’s a machine that should be understood / controlled.
Humans are ‘masters’ over nature and not part of it.
Less values or spirit, more ‘facts and functions’.
Economic growth has a priority
How was nature weighed in the industrial revolution?
It was seen as a commodity. In the sense of ‘chimneys should smoke’. Pollution is of little concern, bc the world is big enough.
Explain how the raise of environmentalism lead to a raise of awareness
Environmentalism is about a moral code or set of mediating values. Growth of pollution got more media coverage which lead to awareness. People got wealthier, which allowed them to shift priorities away from basic livelihood.
Explain how environmentalism was an umbrella of awareness of what was happening.
All kinds of pollution were emerging and got more attention. Environmentalism was an ‘umbrella’ that phatommed this all.
Explain the first environmental revolution
It started with governments introducing all kinds of environmental legislation: smoke ordinances, air pollution control acts, Hinderwet, Woningwet, Kernenergiewet.
What can we extrapolate from United Nations Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment’s declaration:
“The protection and improvement of the human environment is
a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and
economic development throughout the world; it is the urgent
desire of the peoples of the whole world and the duty of all
Governments.”
It’s only a human issue. Our economic developments are being threatened by pollution so we should do something about it. Nature does not have any weight or anything.
Name a few examples of what the first environmental revolution introduced
- Environmental standards: norms limits that means to protect the environment or humans living in it against harmful human activities
- Zoning
- Environmental permits: on emissions, licenses to pollute to a certain amount.
What are reactive policies and what do they strive for? (related to pollution)
They focused on keeping pollution and stress in check and clean up urgent pollution. Inspired by command and control policies for certainty and control. Assumed that impacts and risks can be controlled, modelled and predicted.
Explain how the environment is a check on spatial/economic development.
The norms are designed for setting restrictions on development oriented aspects, but not necessarily the developments themselves. The environment is not a real underlying quality criteria for development.
‘As long as it’s not too bad, it is allowed’
Explain how sense of urgency and sense of control relate to effort
Sense of urgency creates a willingness to change/act, which can lead to efforts that can stimulate change. Sense of control creates the ability to act and change which can actually change stuff.
What is the ‘reinventing’ part about in ‘reinventing environmental planning’?
Can we improve our interaction with the environment
without compromising our current welfare and hopes of
spreading this welfare around the world?
Which policies and approaches might help us do so?
Next environmental revolution maybe?
