L1: intro

Question 1

anatomical position

Answer 1

standing upright
face forwards
palms forward
feet together

Question 2

supine

Answer 2

on back
palms up

Question 3

prone

Answer 3

face down on belly

Question 4

descriptive language - directions

Answer 4

superior vs inferior
medial vs lateral
proximal vs distal
anterior vs posterior
deep vs superficial

Question 5

median plane

Answer 5

straight down
(midsaggital plane)

Question 6

sagittal plane

Answer 6

parallel to midsagittal plane
lateral to midline

Question 7

coronal plane

Answer 7

aka frontal plane
split front and back

Question 8

transverse plane

Answer 8

aka horizontal or axial plane

Question 9

oblique plane

Answer 9

at an angle
less frequently used in medical imagine than the other planes

Question 10

shoulder movements - GH joint

Answer 10

flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
internal/external rotation
circumduction

Question 11

elbow movements

Answer 11

flexion/ extension

Question 12

forearm movements

Answer 12

pronation/ supination

Question 13

wrist movements

Answer 13

flexion/extension
radial deviation/ ulnar deviation
circumduction

Question 14

hip movements

Answer 14

flexion/ extension
internal rotation/ external rotation
abduction/adduction
circumduction

Question 15

knee movements

Answer 15

flexion/extension

Question 16

ankle movements

Answer 16

dorsiflexion/ plantarflexion
eversion/ inversion

Question 17

functions of the skeleton

Answer 17

movements
protection
support
haematopoiesis
mineral homeostasis

Question 18

axial skeleton

Answer 18

skull, spine, ribs

Question 19

appendicular skeleton

Answer 19

limbs

Question 20

types of bone

Answer 20

long
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid

Question 21

cross section of bone

Answer 21

compact bone - aka cortical
spongy bone - aka trabecular or cancellous
medullary cavity - aka marrow cavity

Question 22

long bone structure

Answer 22

epiphysis
epiphysial plate
metaphysis
diaphysis

Question 23

periosteum

Answer 23

tough fibrous sheath that covers bone
tethered to bone by sharpey’s fibres
acts as attachment site for ligaments and tendons

Question 24

ligaments

Answer 24

connect bone to bone

Question 25

tendons

Answer 25

connect muscle to bone

Question 26

fibrous joints

Answer 26

Lack a synovial cavity
Articulating bones are held together with dense fibrous connective tissuePermit little or no movement
*Types:
*Sutures: dense fibrous connective tissuee.g., Suture
*Syndesmoses: more dense fibrous connective tissue than a suture, immovablee.g., Gomphosis
*Interosseous membranes: a broad sheet of dense fibrous connective tissuee.g., Between radius and ulna

Question 27

cartilaginous joints

Answer 27

*Lack a synovial cavity
*Articulating bones are held together with cartilage connective tissue
*Permit little or no movement
*Types of cartilaginous joints:
*Synchondroses: hyaline cartilage; no movemente.g., Epiphyseal plate, sternocostal joint
*Symphyses: fibrocartilage; some movemente.g., Pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

Question 28

synovial joints

Answer 28

Designed to articulate for movement
*Has a synovial cavity
*Articular cartilage lines an cushions bone surfaces
*Held together by ligaments
*Outer joint capsule lined by layer of synovium
*Synovium produces synovial fluid (lubricant).

Question 29

types of synovial joints

Answer 29

plane joint
hinge joint
ball and socket joint
saddle joint
pivot joint
ellipsoid joint
condyloid joint