L1: intro Flashcards
anatomical position
standing upright
face forwards
palms forward
feet together
supine
on back
palms up
prone
face down on belly
descriptive language - directions
superior vs inferior
medial vs lateral
proximal vs distal
anterior vs posterior
deep vs superficial
median plane
straight down
(midsaggital plane)
sagittal plane
parallel to midsagittal plane
lateral to midline
coronal plane
aka frontal plane
split front and back
transverse plane
aka horizontal or axial plane
oblique plane
at an angle
less frequently used in medical imagine than the other planes
shoulder movements - GH joint
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
internal/external rotation
circumduction
elbow movements
flexion/ extension
forearm movements
pronation/ supination
wrist movements
flexion/extension
radial deviation/ ulnar deviation
circumduction
hip movements
flexion/ extension
internal rotation/ external rotation
abduction/adduction
circumduction
knee movements
flexion/extension
ankle movements
dorsiflexion/ plantarflexion
eversion/ inversion
functions of the skeleton
movements
protection
support
haematopoiesis
mineral homeostasis
axial skeleton
skull, spine, ribs
appendicular skeleton
limbs
types of bone
long
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid
cross section of bone
compact bone - aka cortical
spongy bone - aka trabecular or cancellous
medullary cavity - aka marrow cavity
long bone structure
epiphysis
epiphysial plate
metaphysis
diaphysis
periosteum
tough fibrous sheath that covers bone
tethered to bone by sharpey’s fibres
acts as attachment site for ligaments and tendons
ligaments
connect bone to bone
tendons
connect muscle to bone
fibrous joints
Lack a synovial cavity
Articulating bones are held together with dense fibrous connective tissuePermit little or no movement
*Types:
*Sutures: dense fibrous connective tissuee.g., Suture
*Syndesmoses: more dense fibrous connective tissue than a suture, immovablee.g., Gomphosis
*Interosseous membranes: a broad sheet of dense fibrous connective tissuee.g., Between radius and ulna
cartilaginous joints
*Lack a synovial cavity
*Articulating bones are held together with cartilage connective tissue
*Permit little or no movement
*Types of cartilaginous joints:
*Synchondroses: hyaline cartilage; no movemente.g., Epiphyseal plate, sternocostal joint
*Symphyses: fibrocartilage; some movemente.g., Pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs
synovial joints
Designed to articulate for movement
*Has a synovial cavity
*Articular cartilage lines an cushions bone surfaces
*Held together by ligaments
*Outer joint capsule lined by layer of synovium
*Synovium produces synovial fluid (lubricant).
types of synovial joints
plane joint
hinge joint
ball and socket joint
saddle joint
pivot joint
ellipsoid joint
condyloid joint
