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CVS & IBL - Anatomy 🫀 > L1: Heart (external features) and pericardium > Flashcards

L1: Heart (external features) and pericardium Flashcards

1
Q

What is the site of the heart?

A

it lies in the middle mediastinum behind the sternum and adjoining costal cartilages.

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2
Q

What is the direction of the heart?

A

its axis is directed downwards, forwards, and to the left.

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3
Q

What is the size of the heart?

A

it is equal to a closed fist.

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4
Q

What covers the heart?

A
  • The heart is surrounded by a fibro-serous sac called the pericardium.
  • The Pericardium is differentiated into:
  • Outer fibrous layer (Fibrous pericardium). “Opaque”
  • Inner serous sac (Serous pericardium) that Consists of the outer parietal layer and inner visceral layer with a potential space between them called the pericardial cavity.
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5
Q

What are the external features of the heart?

A

The heart is conical in shape, it has:
- Apex, Base, 4 surfaces, 4 borders, 4 grooves, and 4 chambers.

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6
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium & left ventricle.

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7
Q

What is the Direction of the Apex?

A

Directed downwards, forwards, and to the left.

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8
Q

What forms the apex?

A

It is formed by the left ventricle.

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9
Q

What is the surface anatomy of the apex?

A

Lies at the level of the left 5th intercostal space 3.5inch (9 cm) from the midline.

“Abnormal Positioning may indicate diseases”

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10
Q

What is the direction of the base?

A

It is directed backwards.

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11
Q

What forms the base?

A

It is formed by the 2 atria, mainly the left atrium, into which open the 4 pulmonary veins.

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12
Q

What is the surface anatomy of the base?

A

Lies opposite middle 4 thoracic vertebrae (5-8).

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13
Q

What separates the vertebral column from the base?

A

Is separated from the vertebral column by descending aorta, esophagus, and oblique sinus of the pericardium.

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14
Q

What are the surfaces of the heart?

A

Sternocostal surface
Diaphragmatic surface
Right surface
Left surface

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15
Q

What are the borders of the heart?

A

Upper, lower, right, and left

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16
Q

What forms the upper border?

A

It is formed by the two atria mainly the left one.

“Just like the base”

17
Q

What hides the upper border?

A

It is hidden anteriorly by ascending aorta & pulmonary trunk.

18
Q

What divides the sternocostal surface?

A

Divided by the atrioventricular groove into:

1) Atrial part: formed by the 2 atria & the 2 auricles.

2) Ventricular part: right 2/3 is formed by the right ventricle, left 1/3 is formed by the left ventricle

19
Q

What divides the diaphragmatic surface?

A

Divided by the posterior interventricular groove into left 2/3 formed by the left ventricle & right1/3 formed by the right ventricle.

20
Q

What forms the diaphragmatic surface?

A

Formed by the 2 ventricles.

21
Q

What is the shape of the diaphragmatic surface?

A

Slightly concave as it rests on the diaphragm mainly the central tendon.

22
Q

What separates the diaphragmatic surface from the base?

A

Separated from the base of the heart by the posterior part of the coronary groove.

23
Q

What forms the right surface?

A

Formed by right atrium only.

24
Q

What is the right surface related to?

A

Related to the right lung and pleura & right phrenic nerve and right pericardiophrenic vessels.

25
Q

What forms the left surface?

A

Formed by left ventricle (mainly) & left auricle (small part).

26
Q

What forms the lower border?

A

right ventricle (2/3) and partly by the left ventricle (1/3).

27
Q

What forms the right border?

A

the right atrium only.

“ Like the right surface”

28
Q

What forms the left border?

A

mainly by the left ventricle and partly by the left auricle.

” like the left surface”

29
Q

What does the atrioventricular (coronary) Groove separate?

A

separating the atria from the ventricles.

30
Q

What hides the atrioventricular Groove?

A

It is hidden anteriorly by ascending aorta & pulmonary trunk.

31
Q

What does the atrioventricular groove contain?

A

It contains coronary arteries, coronary sinus & the small cardiac vein.

32
Q

What does the anterior interventricular groove contain?

A
  1. Anterior interventricular artery.
  2. Great cardiac vein.
33
Q

What does the interatrial groove separate?

A

separating the 2 atria.

34
Q

What are the characteristics of the interatrial groove?

A

It is ill-defined & hidden anteriorly by ascending aorta & pulmonary trunk.

35
Q

What does the anterior interventricular groove separate?

A

separating the 2 ventricles.

36
Q

Which surface is the anterior interventricular groove present?

A

sternocostal surface.

37
Q

What does a posterior interventricular groove separate?

A

separating the 2 ventricles.

38
Q

Which surface is the posterior interventricular groove present?

A

diaphragmatic surface.

39
Q

What does the posterior interventricular groove contain?

A
  1. posterior interventricular artery.
  2. middle cardiac vein.

CVS & IBL - Anatomy 🫀 (3 decks)

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