L1 - Genomes and flow of biological information

Question 1

Locus

Answer 1

The location or position of a gene on the chromosome

Question 2

Genotype

Answer 2

the combination of alleles found in an organism

Question 3

Phenotype

Answer 3

is the visible expression of the genotype

Question 4

wild-type phenotype

Answer 4

the most common or generally accepted as “standard”

Question 5

Mutant alleles

Answer 5

variants of the wild-type

Question 6

ploidy

Answer 6

the number of copies of its genome that the organism has

Question 7

dominant and recessives mutations only

Answer 7

apply to ploidy

Question 8

Alleles

Answer 8

copies of genes that are similar but different

Question 9

Germline cells

Answer 9

reproductive cells such as sperm and eggs

Question 10

somatic cells

Answer 10

cells that are not germline cells

Question 11

How is relatedness determined

Answer 11

by observing conserved genes (in particular 16s ribosomes)

Question 12

Prokaryotes include

Answer 12

bacteria and archea

Question 13

prokaryotes key features

Answer 13

do not have internal compartments, do posses regions where DNA (circular) can be found (nucloid), some archaea have histones

Question 14

Eukaryotes key features

Answer 14

exhibit compartmentalization; chromosomes are linear and found in nucleus, organelles, mitochondria have their own genomes, and ER and Golgi are involved in protein processing

Question 15

Which features are unique to eukaryotes

Answer 15

nucleus, organelle, multicellularity, and linear chromosomes