L1: First week of development Flashcards
what are the primary male sex organs?
the testis (2 in number).
where are the testes?
In the scrotum.
what is the function of testes?
produce sperms and secretes male sex hormone.
what are secondary male sex organs?
the epididymis, the vas deferens, the seminal vesicles, the ejaculatory ducts, the urethra and the accessory glands (seminal vesicle, prostate and bulbourethral glands).
what are male external sex organs?
(scrotum & penis; male copulatory organ).
what are female primary sex organs?
the ovaries (2 in number).
where are the ovaries?
In the pelvis
what is the function of the ovaries?
produce ova and secretes female sex hormones.
what are female secondary sex organs?
Uterine tube, uterus, and vagina
what are female external sex organs?
the vulva
what are the parts of the uterine tube?
formed of 4 parts; infundibulum, ampulla (widest part), isthmus (narrowest part) and intramural part.
The uterus
pear-shaped, lies in the pelvis, formed of 3 parts (fundus, body and cervix) and its wall consists of 3 layers (endometrium, myometrium & perimetrium).
The vagina
acts as female copulatory and birth canal, its upper end surrounds the cervix which divides it into 4 fornices (anterior, posterior, and 2 lateral).
what does a mature sperm consist of?
The mature sperm consists of:
ο· Head:
- Contains nucleus (has the haploid number of chromosomes; 22 X or 22 Y).
- Covered by acrosome (head cap) which contains enzymes for penetration of the coverings of the ovum.
ο· Neck.
ο· Tail: consists of:
- Middle piece (contains mitochondrial sheath which produces energy needed for sperm motility).
- Principal piece (responsible for sperm motility).
- End piece.
what does a mature ovum consist of?
ο Usually released from the ovary in the stage of 2ry oocyte (contains a haploid number of chromosomes; 22X).
ο Surrounded by zona pellucida & corona radiata
what is fertilization?
it is the union of the male and female gametes to form the zygote.
Where does fertilization take place?
In the ampulla.
process of fertilization
deposition
transport of sperms
capacitation
acrosome reaction
Deposition
about 200 β 600 million sperms are deposited in the posterior fornix of the vagina during sexual intercourse
transport of sperms
about 200 β 300 sperms reach the fertilization site while other sperms die.
capacitation
process by which the sperm acquires the capacity to fertilize the ovum and it takes place in the femaleβs genital tract for 7 hours.
what is the mechanism of capacitation?
removal of the seminal plasma proteins from the cell membrane of the head of sperm.
acrosome reaction
process by which the sperm releases the contents of its acrosome and it takes place around the ovum.
what is the mechanism of acrosome reaction?
release of the following substances:
ο Hyal-uronidase enzyme: penetrates the corona radiata.
ο Trypsin-like substance: digest the zona pellucida.
ο Zona lysine: help the sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida