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Oral Medical Pahology I Theory > L1: Embryology > Flashcards

L1: Embryology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What happen by the 3rd week of post fertilization?

A

The embryonic disc has differentiated into 3 germ layers

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2
Q

What are the germ layers?

A
  • ectoderm
  • mesoderm
    -endoderm
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3
Q

What are the 2 important structures involved in the development of nose and face?

A
  • Pharyngeal arches
  • Neural crest cells
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4
Q

How many pharyngeal arches can we find?

A

6 pharyngeal arches

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5
Q

when is the pharyngeal arches being form?

A

At the 4th week

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6
Q

Where does pharyngeal arch come from (Origin)?

A

Out-pocketing of the mesoderm on both side of pharynx

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7
Q

Each pharyngeal arch will have a branch of __________, a __________ and an associated __________ .

A

Each pharyngeal arch will have a branch of artery, a cranial nerve, and an associated cartilage bar.

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8
Q

Another name for pharyngeal arch

A

Brancial arch

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9
Q

1st branchial arch (1st pharyngeal arch) is also known as ?

A

Mandibular arch

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10
Q

Innervation of 1st pharyngeal arch (branchial arch)?

A

Trigeminal nerve (V)

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11
Q

1st pharyngeal arch divides into what?

A

Maxillary (double) process
Mandibular (double) process

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12
Q

1st pharyngeal arch muscles

A

Masticatory muscles
(Temporal)
(Pterygoid)
(Anterior belly of diagastric)
(Mylohioid)
(Malleus muscle)

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13
Q

Cartilage of 1st pharyngeal arch?

A

Meckel’s cartilage

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14
Q

Meckel’s cartilage involves in ossification of mandible (True or false)?

A

False

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15
Q

2nd pharyngeal arch (branchial arch) is also known as?

A

Hyoid arch

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16
Q

Innervation of 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A

Facial nerve (VII)

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17
Q

Derivatives of the 2nd pharyngeal arch

A

Hyoid, styled apophysis, and styloid ligament

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18
Q

Muscles of 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A

Facial expression muscles

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19
Q

Muscles of 2nd pharyngeal arch

A

Facial expression muscle

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20
Q

Innervation of 3rd pharyngeal (branchial) arch?

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

21
Q

Muscles of 3rd pharyngeal (branchial) arch?

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle

22
Q

Innervation of 4th pharyngeal (branchial) arch?

A

Vagus nerve (X)

23
Q

Muscles of 4th pharyngeal (branchial) arch?

A

Soft palatal muscle (except: tensor cell palatini from the 1st)
Pharyngeal muscle (except stylopharyngess from the 3rd )
Cricothyroid muscle
Cricopharyngeus muscle

24
Q

Innervation of 6th pharyngeal arch?

A

Vagus nerve (X)

25
Q

Muscles of 6th pharyngeal (branchial) arch?

A

Intrinsic muscle of larynx (except: cricothyroid muscle from the 4th)
Upper (skeletal) muscles of esophagus

26
Q

How many pharyngeal arches we will have by the end of development

A

5 pharyngeal arches in total (the 5th branchial arch disappears)

27
Q

Oral cavity forms between what weeks?

A

3rd week to 5th week

28
Q

What happen between 3rd and 5th week?

A

Oral cavity formation
3rd week: orropharyngeal membrane (buccopharyngeal membrane) is firstly seen at the site of future face (between heart and primordial of the brain)
4th week: breakdown down of oropharyngeal membrane forming the opening of future oral cavity (primitive mouth or stomodeum) and the foregut

29
Q

How is the buccopharyngeal membrane and the pharyngeal arches in 25 day old embryo?

A

Buccopharyngeal membrane remains intact
No pharyngeal arches yet

30
Q

How is the buccopharyngeal membrane and the pharyngeal arches in 35 day old embryo?

A

Buccopharyngeal membrane break down, mouth now open to the esophagus
Pharyngeal arches and pouches nicely formed

31
Q

When does forebrain starts to develop?

A

4th week

32
Q

When does facial development begin?

A

4th week - 7th week

33
Q

What happen at the 4th week during facial development (What fusion of process are involved) ?

A

Frontonsal process
Nasal placodes
Maxillary process
Mandibular process

34
Q

What happen during the 5th week of facial development (what fusion of process are involved)?

A

Nasopalatine process
Medial nasal process
Small part maxilla
Gum
Primary palate

35
Q

During the 4th week in the process of facial develoment what does the frontonasal process form?

A

Skull nose and upper lip

36
Q

During the 4th week in the process of facial develoment what does the nasal placodes form?

A

Nasal pit

37
Q

During the 4th week in the process of facial develoment what does the maxillary process form into?

A

Lateral portion of upper lip
Maxilla
Secondary palate

38
Q

During the 4th week in the process of facial develoment what does the mandibular process from into?

A

Lower lip
Jaw

39
Q

During the 5th week in the process of facial develoment what does nasopalatine process from into?

A

Nasal wing

40
Q

During the 5th week in the process of facial develoment what does the medial nasal process form into?

A

Middle potion of the nose (bridge and septum)
Groove of upper lip
Small part of maxilla
Gum
Primary palate

41
Q

Origin of primary palate

A

Medial nasal process

42
Q

Origin of secondary palate

A

Maxillary process - Lateral palatine process of maxilla

43
Q

Origin of anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

1st pharyngeal arch (mandibular arch)

44
Q

Tongue and mandible has same / different origin and develop at the same / different time.

A

STongue and mandible has same origin and develop at the same time.

45
Q

Origin of posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

2nd, 3rd, and 4th pharyngeal arch give rise to hypobranchial eminence in which will develop into posterior 1/3 of the tongue

46
Q

Upper border of oral cavity

A

Hard palate

47
Q

Inferior border of oral cavity

A

Tongue and floor of the mouth

48
Q

Posterior border of the oral cavity

A

Isthmus of the fauces and palatine tonsil

Oral Medical Pahology I Theory (2 decks)

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