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NCEA level 1 Maths > L1 Chance & Data - Statistics > Flashcards

L1 Chance & Data - Statistics Flashcards

1
Q

Probability

A

A measure of the likelihood that an event will occur

Number of favourable outcomes/total number of outcomes

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2
Q

Mean

box and whisker

A

All data values added together divided by the number of items added together

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3
Q

Median

box and whisker

A

The middle value in the data set

remember median is the BEST measure of average because it doesn’t get affected by outliers at the top

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4
Q

Mode

box and whisker

A

The number that is the most present

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5
Q

Range

box and whisker

A

The difference between the max and minimum

Range = Max-Min

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6
Q

Scatter Plot

A

Look for the trend line and outliers

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7
Q

Advantages & Disadvantages of Scatter Plot

A

Advantages

  • A scatter plot is good for comparing two different variables (i.e. height and weight), and seeing if there is a relationship between them.
  • Show the relationship between two variables
  • patterns are easy to observe

Disadvantages

  • Does not show a relationship for more than two variables
  • unable to give the exact extent of correlation
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8
Q

Bar Graph

A

Bar charts are usually used to show how many individuals in a sample fall into each category of some variable.

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9
Q

Advantages & Disadvantages of Bar graph

A

Advantages

  • easy to understand
  • summarise a large amount of data in a visual, easily interpretable form

Disadvantages

  • bar charts often fail to mark key assumptions, patterns, and causes
  • not a lot of data can be added
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10
Q

Box & whisker plot

A

Look for median, inter-quartile, range, and spread

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11
Q

Advantages & Disadvantages of Box & Whisker plot

A 
Advantages
- A box and whisker plot is good for seeing the overall features of data (i.e. the median and the quartiles)
very effective and easy to read
-
-
Disadvantages
-
-
-
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12
Q

Time series

A

Look for trends over time

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13
Q

Advantages & Disadvantages of Time Series

A

Advantages

- A time-series graph is good for seeing how data changes over time.

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14
Q

Dot Plot

A

A dot plot is a method of visualization representing expectations for some data series. Remember to look for the median, spread, and outliers

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15
Q

Advantages & Disadvantages of Dot Plot

A

Advantages

  • A dot plot is good for analyzing individual data points, as well as seeing how data is distributed.
  • They clearly display cluster/gaps of data and outliers

Disadvantages
- It can be time-consuming when it comes to a large amount of data

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16
Q

Pie Chart

A

Pie charts can be used to show percentages of a whole, and represent percentages at a set point in time

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17
Q

Advantages & Disadvantages of Pie Chart

A

Advantages

  • summarize a large data set in visual form.
  • be visually simpler than other types of graphs
  • display relative proportions of multiple classes of data.

Disadvantages

  • do not easily reveal exact values.
  • fail to reveal key assumptions, causes, effects, or patterns.
18
Q

Trend

box and whisker

A

A trend is an underlying pattern that the majority of data in an investigation follows. These show what the data tends to do. They show the direction in which the data changes. It can be either positive or negative.

  • Strong/positive
  • Weak/positive
  • Strong/negative
  • Weak/negative
19
Q

Regular patterns

Box and whisker

A
20
Q

Unusual patterns

box and whisker

A
21
Q

Spread

box and whisker

A
22
Q

Symmetry/skew

box and whisker and dot plot

A

Data that is not symmetrical

  • If there’s more on the right, the data is skewed left
  • If there’s more to the left, the data is skewed right
23
Q

Shift

Box and whisker

A

Where the box plots of two groups overlap. When analyzing shift and overlap, have a look at…

  • The difference between the medians
  • Each group’s spread, based on the range and interquartile range.
  • The overall spread of the graph.
  • Whether the medians for each group overlap with the box for the other group
24
Q

Spread

Box and whisker

A

Range of values

25
Q

Centre

box and whisker

A
26
Q 
Upper Quartile (UQ)
Box and whisker
A

25% of data values are ABOVE this point on the graph

27
Q

Outlier

Box and whisker

A

Outliers are values that are detached from a prominent pattern followed by the large majority of the rest of the data.

  • Outliers are values that are higher or lower than normal. Basically, they’re outside the trend.
  • Outliers AFFECT the mean
28
Q

Minimum

box and whisker

A

The lowest value (most likely be given to you)

29
Q

Maximum

Box and whisker

A

The highest value (most likely be given to you)

30
Q

Overall visible spread (OVS)

Box and whisker

A

Distance between the highest upper quartile, and the lowest lower quartile. We

31
Q

Cluster

A

cluster tells us where we would find most of the data. - -

Cluster is most commonly seen on scatter plots

32
Q

Cluster

A

Cluster tells us where we would find most of the data. - -

- most commonly seen on scatter plots

33
Q

Positive trend

A

A positive trend means that as the dependent variable increases, the independent variable also increases and vice versa. The steeper the line, the faster one variable increases compared to the other

34
Q

Negative trend

A

A negative trend means as the dependent variable increases, the independent variable decreases and vice versa

35
Q

Overall visible spread (OVS)

Box and whisker

A

Distance between the highest upper quartile, and the lowest lower quartile

36
Q

Seasonal trend

A

When data repeats itself like the seasons.

37
Q

Dependent variable

A

A dependant variable is usually on the y-axis and it’s the thing that will often change depending on some other variable, which is why it’s called dependant.

38
Q

Independent variable

A

An independent variable is something that doesn’t change according to anything else, it’s independent and doesn’t need any other variables. These are usually on the x-axis

39
Q

Seasonal trend

A

Patterns that happen every year or month like when data repeats itself like the seasons.

40
Q

Long-term trend

A

The biggest overall trend

NCEA level 1 Maths (4 decks)

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