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Clin LAB Med > L1: CBC > Flashcards

L1: CBC Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 major things can a CBC tell us?

A
  • H/H abnormalities
  • Platelet abnormalities
  • WBC abnormalities
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2
Q

Draw the components of the Fishbone

A

Left: WBC
Top: Hemoglobin
Right: Platelets
Bottom: Hematocrit

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3
Q

What is the range for normal Hemoglobin values?

A

13.5-17.5 G/DL

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4
Q

What is the range for normal Hematocrit values?

A

38.8-50.0%

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5
Q

What is the range for normal WBC values?

A

4.2 - 10.2 x10(9)/L

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6
Q

What is the range for normal Platelet values?

A

150-355 x10(9)/L

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7
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

Molecule that binds and transports oxygen (RBCs contain hemoglobin)

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8
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

The volume of packed RBCs

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9
Q

What is the life span of a RBC?

A

120 days

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10
Q

Name 4 causes of an elevated H/H.

A
  • Dehydration
  • COPD
  • Polycythemia vera (blood cancer = too many RBCs)
  • High altitude
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11
Q

What is a cause of a decreased H/H?

A

Anemia

  • AOCD
  • IDA
  • Acute blood loss
  • Folate def.
  • Vit. B12 def.
  • Hemolytic anemia
  • Aplastic anemia
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12
Q

What is the mean corpuscular volume (MCV)?

A

Calculated value to determine average SIZE of RBCs

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13
Q

How do you calculate MCV? What are the ranges?

A

MCV = Hematocrit/Red cell count

Microcytic: <80
Normocytic 80-100
Macrocytic >1000

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14
Q

What is the Mean Cell Hgb (MCH) and MCHC?

A

Reflect the AMOUNT OF HGB in RBCs

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15
Q

How do you calculate MCH? What are the ranges?

A

MCH = Hgb/RBC

Hypochromic: <26
Normochromic: 26-34
Hyperchromic: >34

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16
Q

How do you calculate MCHC? What is the range?

A

MCHC = Hgb/Hematocrit

31-36

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17
Q

What is Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)?

A

An indicator of the degree of variation in SIZE of RBC’s

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18
Q

What is a normal RDW range? What is the term used for presence of variation in size of RBCs?

A

11-15%

Anisocytosis

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19
Q

What is the WBC count? What is the differential?

A

WBC count: TOTAL NUMBER of white blood cells

Differential: % OF EACH TYPE of leukocyte present/Absolute # of each type of WBC

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20
Q

What value is considered Leukocytosis? Leukopenia?

A

Leukocytosis (elevated): >10K

Leukopenia (depressed): <5K

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21
Q

List 5 possible causes of Leukocytosis.

A
  • Bacterial infection*
  • Inflammation
  • Neoplasm
  • Leukemoid response
  • Steroid use
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22
Q

List 5 possible causes of Leukopenia.

A
  • Viral infection*
  • Overwhelming bacterial infection*
  • Bone marrow failure
  • Drug toxicity
  • Autoimmune disease
23
Q

What lab value might you see with an overwhelming bacterial infection?

A

Leukopenia

24
Q

What are bands?

A

Youngest form of neutrophils

25
Q

What does leukocytosis with a left shift mean? When might this occur?

A
  • Increased WBC count due to an increase in neutrophils and bands
  • Can occur with a bacterial infection (bands enter circulation when neutrophil production is highly stimulated)
26
Q

What 5 cells are components of the differential?

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Lymphocytes
  • Monocytes
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
27
Q

What are the 3 types of granulocytes? What are the components of a granulocyte (aka PMNs)

A

NeutroPHIL
EosinoPHIL
BasoPHIL
-Have granules in their cytoplasm and multilobed nuclei (AKA PMNs)

28
Q

What is the most common PMN?

A

Neutrophils

29
Q

Which PMN is involved in allergic rxns and fungal/parasite infections?

A

Eosinophils

30
Q

What is the least common PMN? What its function?

A

Basophils

Involved in allergic reactions

31
Q

List 5 causes of Neutrophilia.

A
  • Bacterial infections
  • Inflammation
  • Medications (steroids)
  • Stress
  • Trauma, tissue damage
32
Q

List 5 causes of Neutropenia.

A
  • Medications (chemotherapy)
  • Viral infection
  • Aplastic anemia (affects all cell lines)
  • Overwhelming bacterial infection
  • Radiation (BM compromised)
33
Q

What medication can cause an increase in neutrophils? How about a decrease in neutrophils?

A

Increase: steroids
Decrease: Chemotherapy (and radiation)

34
Q

Which PMN does not respond to bacterial or viral infections?

A

Eosinophils

35
Q

List 6 causes of Eosinophilia

A
  • Coccidiomycosis (Valley fever)
  • Leukemia/lymphoma
  • Allergic rxns
  • Autoimmune diseases
  • Parasites
  • Medications (Allopurinol, NSAIDs, antibiotics)
36
Q

List 2 causes of Eosinopenia

A
  • Corticosteroids

- Acute inflammation or stress

37
Q

Which medications can cause an increase in eosinophils? How about a decrease?

A

Increase: Allopurinol, NSAIDs, antibiotics
Decrease: Corticosteroids

38
Q

List 2 causes of Basophilia.

A
  • Myeloproliferative disease

- Leukemia

39
Q

List 2 causes of Basopenia.

A
  • Acute allergic rxns (histamine release = deflation of basophil)
  • Stress reactions
40
Q

What are the 2 nongranulocytes? What are the components of this kind of cell?

A

LymphoCYTES
MonoCYTES
Agranulocytes = no granules in their cytoplasm

41
Q

What is the function of lymphocytes (B and T cells)?

A

Acute VIRAL infections

42
Q

What is the function of monocytes?

A

Phagocytic cells capable of fighting bacteria (SEVERE INFECTIONS)

43
Q

What lab value would you expect to see with mononucleosis?

A

Lymphocytosis

44
Q

List 2 causes of Lymphocytosis.

A
  • Viral infection (Mono, hepatitis)

- Lymphocytic leukemia

45
Q

List 6 causes of lymphocytopenia.

A
  • Infections
  • Corticosteroids
  • Immunodeficiency
  • Lymphoma
  • Chemotherapy
  • Radiation
46
Q

List 4 causes of Monocytosis.

A
  • Chronic inflammatory disorders
  • Viral infections
  • Parasites (malaria)
  • Tuberculosis
47
Q

List 1 cause of Monocytopenia.

A

Corticosteroid therapy

48
Q

What is the function of neutrophils?

A

Bacterial infections

49
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

Initiate the coagulation cascade; integral to homeostasis

50
Q

Patients with what disease will often have chronic thrombocytopenia?

A

Cirrhosis

51
Q

List 4 causes of Thrombocytosis.

A
  • Reactive (acute blood loss, malignancy, trauma, infections, etc.)
  • Essential thrombocytosis
  • Polycythemia vera
  • CML, AML, MDS, myelofibrosis
52
Q

List 9 causes of Thrombocytopenia.

A
  • Primary immune thrombocytopenia
  • Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura
  • Drug-induced immune therapy thrombocytopenia (Heparin induced)
  • Cancer with BM suppression or infiltration
  • Infections
  • Chronic liver disease
  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation
  • Aplastic anemia
  • Inherited thrombocytopenias
53
Q

What is polycythemia vera?

A

Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by clonal proliferation of myeloid cells and an elevated RBC mass

Clin LAB Med (4 decks)

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