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Clin LAB Med > L1: CBC > Flashcards

L1: CBC Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 major things can a CBC tell us?

A
  • H/H abnormalities
  • Platelet abnormalities
  • WBC abnormalities
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2
Q

Draw the components of the Fishbone

A

Left: WBC
Top: Hemoglobin
Right: Platelets
Bottom: Hematocrit

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3
Q

What is the range for normal Hemoglobin values?

A

13.5-17.5 G/DL

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4
Q

What is the range for normal Hematocrit values?

A

38.8-50.0%

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5
Q

What is the range for normal WBC values?

A

4.2 - 10.2 x10(9)/L

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6
Q

What is the range for normal Platelet values?

A

150-355 x10(9)/L

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7
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

Molecule that binds and transports oxygen (RBCs contain hemoglobin)

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8
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

The volume of packed RBCs

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9
Q

What is the life span of a RBC?

A

120 days

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10
Q

Name 4 causes of an elevated H/H.

A
  • Dehydration
  • COPD
  • Polycythemia vera (blood cancer = too many RBCs)
  • High altitude
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11
Q

What is a cause of a decreased H/H?

A

Anemia

  • AOCD
  • IDA
  • Acute blood loss
  • Folate def.
  • Vit. B12 def.
  • Hemolytic anemia
  • Aplastic anemia
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12
Q

What is the mean corpuscular volume (MCV)?

A

Calculated value to determine average SIZE of RBCs

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13
Q

How do you calculate MCV? What are the ranges?

A

MCV = Hematocrit/Red cell count

Microcytic: <80
Normocytic 80-100
Macrocytic >1000

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14
Q

What is the Mean Cell Hgb (MCH) and MCHC?

A

Reflect the AMOUNT OF HGB in RBCs

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15
Q

How do you calculate MCH? What are the ranges?

A

MCH = Hgb/RBC

Hypochromic: <26
Normochromic: 26-34
Hyperchromic: >34

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16
Q

How do you calculate MCHC? What is the range?

A

MCHC = Hgb/Hematocrit

31-36

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17
Q

What is Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)?

A

An indicator of the degree of variation in SIZE of RBC’s

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18
Q

What is a normal RDW range? What is the term used for presence of variation in size of RBCs?

A

11-15%

Anisocytosis

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19
Q

What is the WBC count? What is the differential?

A

WBC count: TOTAL NUMBER of white blood cells

Differential: % OF EACH TYPE of leukocyte present/Absolute # of each type of WBC

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20
Q

What value is considered Leukocytosis? Leukopenia?

A

Leukocytosis (elevated): >10K

Leukopenia (depressed): <5K

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21
Q

List 5 possible causes of Leukocytosis.

A
  • Bacterial infection*
  • Inflammation
  • Neoplasm
  • Leukemoid response
  • Steroid use
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22
Q

List 5 possible causes of Leukopenia.

A
  • Viral infection*
  • Overwhelming bacterial infection*
  • Bone marrow failure
  • Drug toxicity
  • Autoimmune disease
23
Q

What lab value might you see with an overwhelming bacterial infection?

A

Leukopenia

24
Q

What are bands?

A

Youngest form of neutrophils

25
What does leukocytosis with a left shift mean? When might this occur?
- Increased WBC count due to an increase in neutrophils and bands - Can occur with a bacterial infection (bands enter circulation when neutrophil production is highly stimulated)
26
What 5 cells are components of the differential?
- Neutrophils - Lymphocytes - Monocytes - Eosinophils - Basophils
27
What are the 3 types of granulocytes? What are the components of a granulocyte (aka PMNs)
NeutroPHIL EosinoPHIL BasoPHIL -Have granules in their cytoplasm and multilobed nuclei (AKA PMNs)
28
What is the most common PMN?
Neutrophils
29
Which PMN is involved in allergic rxns and fungal/parasite infections?
Eosinophils
30
What is the least common PMN? What its function?
Basophils | Involved in allergic reactions
31
List 5 causes of Neutrophilia.
- Bacterial infections - Inflammation - Medications (steroids) - Stress - Trauma, tissue damage
32
List 5 causes of Neutropenia.
- Medications (chemotherapy) - Viral infection - Aplastic anemia (affects all cell lines) - Overwhelming bacterial infection - Radiation (BM compromised)
33
What medication can cause an increase in neutrophils? How about a decrease in neutrophils?
Increase: steroids Decrease: Chemotherapy (and radiation)
34
Which PMN does not respond to bacterial or viral infections?
Eosinophils
35
List 6 causes of Eosinophilia
- Coccidiomycosis (Valley fever) - Leukemia/lymphoma - Allergic rxns - Autoimmune diseases - Parasites - Medications (Allopurinol, NSAIDs, antibiotics)
36
List 2 causes of Eosinopenia
- Corticosteroids | - Acute inflammation or stress
37
Which medications can cause an increase in eosinophils? How about a decrease?
Increase: Allopurinol, NSAIDs, antibiotics Decrease: Corticosteroids
38
List 2 causes of Basophilia.
- Myeloproliferative disease | - Leukemia
39
List 2 causes of Basopenia.
- Acute allergic rxns (histamine release = deflation of basophil) - Stress reactions
40
What are the 2 nongranulocytes? What are the components of this kind of cell?
LymphoCYTES MonoCYTES Agranulocytes = no granules in their cytoplasm
41
What is the function of lymphocytes (B and T cells)?
Acute VIRAL infections
42
What is the function of monocytes?
Phagocytic cells capable of fighting bacteria (SEVERE INFECTIONS)
43
What lab value would you expect to see with mononucleosis?
Lymphocytosis
44
List 2 causes of Lymphocytosis.
- Viral infection (Mono, hepatitis) | - Lymphocytic leukemia
45
List 6 causes of lymphocytopenia.
- Infections - Corticosteroids - Immunodeficiency - Lymphoma - Chemotherapy - Radiation
46
List 4 causes of Monocytosis.
- Chronic inflammatory disorders - Viral infections - Parasites (malaria) - Tuberculosis
47
List 1 cause of Monocytopenia.
Corticosteroid therapy
48
What is the function of neutrophils?
Bacterial infections
49
What is the function of platelets?
Initiate the coagulation cascade; integral to homeostasis
50
Patients with what disease will often have chronic thrombocytopenia?
Cirrhosis
51
List 4 causes of Thrombocytosis.
- Reactive (acute blood loss, malignancy, trauma, infections, etc.) - Essential thrombocytosis - Polycythemia vera - CML, AML, MDS, myelofibrosis
52
List 9 causes of Thrombocytopenia.
- Primary immune thrombocytopenia - Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura - Drug-induced immune therapy thrombocytopenia (Heparin induced) - Cancer with BM suppression or infiltration - Infections - Chronic liver disease - Disseminated intravascular coagulation - Aplastic anemia - Inherited thrombocytopenias
53
What is polycythemia vera?
Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by clonal proliferation of myeloid cells and an elevated RBC mass

Clin LAB Med (4 decks)

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