L1 - Biochemistry overview Flashcards
what is the primary difference between chemistry and biochemistry
Chemistry studies matter and its interactions, while biochemistry focuses on chemical processes within living organism
What are the four main macromolecules essential for life
proteins, lipid, carbohydrates and nucliec acids
which four elements make up 99% of atoms in the human body
Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen
what is the role of water in the human body
makes up 65% of mammalian body mass and is involved in biochemical reactions, temperature regulation and molecular transport
define agriculture
The cultivation and breeding of animals, plants, and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, and medicine.
define biochemistry
The study of life at the cellular and molecular level
why is biochemistry important in agriculture
It helps improve food production, manage wildlife, treat diseases, and enhance sustainability
What are some applications of biochemistry in agriculture
Genetic modifications, nutritional improvements, disease resistance, and enhanced crop yields
What is the relationship between ATP and DNA
The adenine in DNA is structurally related to adenosine in ATP, linking energy flow with genetic information
How does ATP hydrolysis connect to genetic processes?
ATP hydrolysis provides the energy required for transcription and translation of DNA into proteins
What percentage of the world’s energy intake comes from rice, maize, and wheat?
60%
What are the main dietary staples in Africa?
Cereals (46%), roots/tubers (20%), and animal products (7%).
What is meant by “Nature vs. Nurture” in agricultural science?
Nature (Genetics - G): Inherited traits and genetic potential.
Nurture (Environment - E): Diet, temperature, exercise, and external factors.
G x E Interaction: The combined effect of genetics and environment on an organism’s phenotype.
What technological advancements are shaping agriculture?
Genetic modifications (GMOs)
Post-genomic molecular tools
New agricultural products and processes
