L1 Flashcards
Factors that affect child behavior
Age and development temperament ability to cope Parents Pain Dentists behavior
Differential growth
Head at birth 1/4 body length, 1/10 length in adult
Pediatrician take ______at every appointment
Height
Weight
Head circumference
Drop on chart
Failure to thrive
Increase on chart
Indulgence
Sedation risk goes up if
BMI is high over 95th percentile
6 months
Turn head and neck when name called Smiles back Respons to sounds with sounds Sits without support Likes social games
12 months
Uses simple gestures Pulls up to stand Copies you during play Responds when told no Says mama and dada
18 moths
Plays pretend like talking on phone Points at interesting things Walks without help Uses several simple words to get wants Looks at something when you point
2 years
Uses 2-4 word phrases Shows more interest in other children Follows simple instruction Kicks a ball Points to something when you name it
3 years
Shows affection for playmates Uses 4-5 word sentences Copies adults Climbs well Plays make believe with dolls and animals
4 years
Follows 3 step commands Hops and can stand 5-6 word sentences Draws circles and squares Shares and take turns
Operant conditioning created by
BF skinner
Operant condition Therapy
Stimulus/response relationship; learning from rewards/punishment
Operant condition Therapy reinforcement
Reinforced behavior is repeated behavior not reinforced dies out
Positive reinforcement
Reward to strengthen behavior
Praise stickers high five
Positive reinforcement may inadvertently reinforce bad behavior
Correcting the behavior gives it attention
May be best to ignore minor disturbances
Negative reinforcement
Remove the consequences to strengthen behavior
Punishment
Give consequence or remove reward to weaken behavior
Cognitive Development Theory created by
Jean Piaget
Cognitive Development Theory children develop mental model through
Interaction with it
They’re not small adults see world in different way
Cognitive Development Theory schema
Basic building blocks of organizing knowledge applied to new situations
Cognitive Development Theory schema assimilation
Existing schema deals with new situation
Cognitive Development Theory schema accommodation
Existing schema doesn’t work and needs to change
Cognitive Development Theory schema equilibraition
Moves learning along; child masters new challenge
Sensorimotor
Birth - 2
Use senses/motor skills to understand world
Object permanence
Object permanence
Understanding things exist even when unseen
Pre-operational
2-7
Using symbols: language images and words to represent other things
Egocentric
Animism
Animism
Everything is like them
Egocentric
Children only understand their own point of view
Concrete operational
7-11
Logic-work it out in head consider multiple aspects of problem
Formal operational
11+
Abstract reasoning hypothetical thinking
Constructivism
Child constructs own knowledge acquires reality through touching exploring observing—> let them see/touch instruments show what you are doing
Cognitive changes under 3
Perception recognition categorize memory
Cognitive changes 3-6
Language development mental imagery longer attention span
Cognitive changes 6-12
Even longer attention span literacy mental represeation of real world relatively
Cognitive changes adolescence
Abstract thinking analytical begin to understand what is possible
Emotional Changes under 3
Assigned by adults fear of strangers/separation
Emotional Changes 3-6
Developing self control relating to emotions of others
Emotional Changes 6-12
Understanding social nomarls delayed gratification deal with boredom body image emerges peer acceptance
Emotional Changes Adolescence
All the feelings self confidence personal identity sex love
Permissive parenting
You’re the boss Avoid confrontation Few rules Accepting Non directive
Uninvolved parenting
You’re on your own
Uninterested neglect passive little time competing priorities absent
Authoritative parenting
Responsive reciprocal power with, increased expectations clear standards Democrat rain assertive flexible
Fewer caries
Authoritarian parenting
Because i said
Lith warmt autocratic structure environments punishment clear rules
Some angry sullen rebellious
