L1 Flashcards
Endoneurium
Perineurium
Epineurium
Endo: surrounds axons
Peri: bundles into fascicles
Epi: invests fascicles
Activation and inactivation gates
Activation: M..gate opens to allow sodium in. Activated by initial depolariztion
Inactivation: H.. Gate closes to prevent sodium. Activated by rapid depolarizaiton
Refractory period: When channel has to reset before reopening
Responsible for repolarization
Na channel inactivation
Pka and onset
High Pka means slower onset
Most to least affected
Dull pain Warmth Cold Sharp Touch Pressure Proprioception
Preservative in anesthetics
Methylparaben
Percent, epi ratio, length of action Lidocaine Articaine Mepivacain Bupivacaine
2% Lidocaine 1:100K
4% Articaine 1:100K: intermediate
3% Mepivacain: Short
0.5% Bupivacaine 1:200K Long
Lipophilic and binding
Order of LMBcain binding affinity
More lipophilic, more binding
Bupivacaine, mepivacain, lidocaine (least)
Amides are metabolized by
P450
Order of vasodilation LMB
Bupivacain, lidocain, mepivacaine (least)
Vascular effects low vs high
Low: mild increase in resistance
High: vasodilation, decreased resistance
How lipophilia affects drug effects
More lipophilic, more cardiovascular effects than CNS
Alpha 1
Alpha 2
Beta 1
Beta 2
Alpha1: Vasoconstriction
Alpha2: Inhibits Norepi release
Beta 1: Cardiac stimulation
Beta 2: Bronchodilation, vasodilation
Antioxidant added to epi
Sodium bisulfite
Size of cartridge
1.7ml
