L1

Question 1

Definitions
* What is accident
* What is Incident
* What is Hazard

Answer 1

ACCIDENT
- Unplanned, unwanted event which results in
some kind of loss
* INCIDENT
- Unplanned, unwanted event which had the
potential to result in some kind of loss
* NEAR MISS
- unplanned, unwanted event that did not
result in some kind of loss, but had the potential to do so
* HAZARD
- Something having the potential to cause harm

Question 2

What causes accident

Answer 2

Unsafe act
* Unsafe conditions
Î Leading to accident then to injuries and damages

Question 3

Reasons for HSE

Answer 3

Moral
* Legal
* Financial

Question 4

Accident Iceberg

Answer 4

Insured and Uninsured costs
* Transparent and Hidden costs

Question 5

Accident triangle

Answer 5

Î 30,000 risk behaviours (Bottom of the triangle)
Î 3,000 Near misses
Î 300 Medical only
Î 30 Lost time
Î 01 Major Incident (Top of the triangle

Question 6

Types of accident

Answer 6

• High frequency, Low Severity
  Slips & trips
• Collisions
• Hand tools (hitting hand with hammer)
• Falling objects
• Low frequency, high severity
  Explosions
• Major fire
• Electrical
• Machinery

Question 7

Causes of accidents

Answer 7

Direct causes (1/ Unsafe act. 2/ Unsafe conditions)
* Indirect cause (Management systems)

Question 8

Investigation of Accidents
* Why we Investigate

Answer 8

o Prevent reoccurrence
o HSE
o Insurance

Question 9

Explain the difference between Risk and Hazard

Answer 9

• A hazard is something that has the potential to do you
  harm. Examples: live electrics, explosives, wet surfaces.
• A risk is the likelihood of a hazard doing you harm.

Question 10

What is the definition of an accident and how does that differ from and
incident?

Answer 10

• An accident is an unplanned, unwanted event that
  results in some kind of loss.
• An incident is similar to an accident in that it is
  unwanted and unplanned. However, it did not lead to
  loss (even though it had the potential to do so…).
• Incidents are sometimes treated as near-misses.

Question 11

Generally, what types of costs are associated with an
accident?

Answer 11

• Generally types of costs associated with
  accidents are:
• Direct costs
• Indirect costs
• Insured costs
• Uninsured costs

Question 12

What steps should be taken immediately after an accident?

Answer 12

1) Give first aid
2) Make the area safe
3) Do not disturb the scene
4) Investigate
5) Notify any necessary authorities (RIDDOR)

Question 13

What is the purpose of accident investigation

Answer 13

Purpose of Accident Investigation
* Prevent recurrence
* Identify the cause(s)
* Redesign safeguards, procedures and training
* HSE
* Required by HSE to explain how and why the incident
happened and who was to blame
* Possible prosecution
* Insurance
* Litigation - does someone have a case against you?

Question 14

accident investigation how should it be done?

Answer 14

Procedure
* Visit scene
* Observe conditions
* Measure, photograph, sample
* Ask questions
* Make notes, diagrams
* Check records, plans
* Talk/interview to witnesses
* Keep evidence

Question 15

Uninsured Costs

Answer 15

• Product & material damage
  Legal costs
• Fines

Question 16

Direct Unsafe Acts ex

Answer 16

Working without authority/permission
* Failure to warn others of danger
* Leaving equipment in a dangerous condition
* Using defective equipment*
* Knowing it’s defective
* Not trained to be aware
* Using equipment the wrong way or for the wrong tasks

Question 17

Direct Unsafe Conditions ex

Answer 17

• Excessive noise
• Exposure to radiation
  Defective tools or equipment

Question 18

Indirect Causes: Management
System Pressures ex

Answer 18

• Lack of policy
• Lack of standards
• Lack of knowledge & information
• Lack of training

Question 19

Indirect Causes: Social Pressure

Answer 19

• Group attitudes
• Trade customs
• Tradition