L1

Question 1

Chain of oxidation [O] of primary alcohols

Answer 1

-aldehyde
-Carboxylic Acid

Question 2

Chain of oxidation [O] of secondary alcohols

Answer 2

-ketone

Question 3

What reagent is used to oxidise alcohol

Answer 3

-acidified dicromate
-H+/Cr2O7 2-

Question 4

What reagent is used to reduce, forming alcohol

Answer 4

Lithium aluminium hydride
-LiAlH4

Question 5

What is the tollens test used for?

Answer 5

Distinguishing between an aldehyde or ketone

Oxidising aldehydes into carboxylic acids

If there is silver mirror, Aldehyde was used

Question 6

What is the reagent used in living systems to oxidise alcohols

Answer 6

NAD+

Question 7

What is the reagent used in living systems to reduce, to form alcohols

Answer 7

NADH

Question 8

Which is more reactive Ethers or Ester and how?

Answer 8

Esters are more reactive, C=O is easily cleaved by nucelophiles

Question 9

What is the difference between amides and amines?

Answer 9

Amines are basic (nucleophilic), amides are not

Question 10

What kind of reaction do you need to produce thiols and disulfides from each other

Answer 10

Oxidation: thiols to disulfide
Reduction: disulfide to thiols

Question 11

What functional groups containing phosphorous is strongly acidic?

Answer 11

Phosphoric acid, Alkyl dihydrogenphosphates, Di-alkyl hydrohenphosphates

They are generally ionised at physiological pH

Question 12

features of phosphate groups

Answer 12

Help with solubility in water

Resistant to hydrolysis

Question 13

Important features for ‘lock and key’ in living systems

Answer 13

-Polarity (internal attractions and/or repulsions)
-Steric effects (sizes of large groups)
-Geometric constraints (rigid structural blocks eg rings or planar blocks of atoms in amides)
-Chirality