L03 - Anatomy of Endocrine System (nuts&bolts) Flashcards
What is hypophysis and location
pituitary gland
located in sella turcica, sphenoid bone
what are 2 lobes of hypophysis called? what is the difference between
adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis
adeno is glandular
neuro is neural
Hypophysis Arteries
identify on diagram and what they supply AND where they come from
superior hypophyseal
—–supplies median eminence, upper part of stalk
inferior hypophyseal
—-supplies neurohypophysis, lower part of stalk
Hypophysis Veins
identify on diagram what they supply? where do they come from and where do they go
capillary plexuses in median eminence snd stalk drained by portal veins
veins pass to anterior pit gland
veins form 2ary cap plexus
also neurosecretory substances van also travel through this from hypoth to ant lobe
Thyoid gland structure and loaction
identify on diagram
bilobed, 2 lateral lobes connected by an ISTHMUS
From just below oblique line in thyroid catyilage to 5/6 tracheal ring. anter to trachea
what is T3 and T4
T3 - triiodothyronine
T4 - thyroxine
Thyroid Gland blood vessels (arteries & veins)
where do arteries come from
Superior thyroid artery (from external carotid)
Inferior thyroid artery (from subclavian)
Veins:
Interior jugular vein
Brachiocephalic vein
Parathyroid gland structure and role?
why must it be preserved in thyroidectomy
2 superior
2 inferior
secretes parathyroid hormone - regulates calcium and phosphate levels within homeostasis
if removed, blood Ca falls, muscles (resp & laryngeal also) go into tetanic contraction — death
Parathyroid glands VAN
Artery - mainly inferior thyroid (also superior)
Vein - superior middle and inferior thyroid
Nerve - middle and inferior cervical ganglions
Adrenal glands.
structure and shape
origin
sup pole of kidneys T12. retroperitoneal
pyramidal (R) or semilunar (L)
- –cortex from mesoderm
- –medulla from neual crest cells
Adrenal glands
cortex - what part secrets what
cortex secretes corticosteroids
cells subjacent to capsule: secrets MINERALOCORTICOIDS
deeper cortex
secretes GLUCOCORTICOIDS
Adrenal glands
cortex - what part secrets what
what else does cortex secrete
cortex secretes corticosteroids
cells subjacent to capsule: secrets MINERALOCORTICOIDS
deeper cortex
secretes GLUCOCORTICOIDS
cortex also secretes adrenal andogens - eg testosterone
Adrenal glands
medulla
what secretes and what
chromaffin cells secrete
medulla regarded as modified symp ganglion
secrete adrenaline and NA — catecholamines
fight or flight - HR, BP, viscera sm muscle
Adrenal glands blood supply
identify on diagram
where are thet from
blood course?
venous drainage?
superior, middle and inferior suprarenal arteries.
s - inf. phrenic
m- from aorta
i - renal
arteries pass through cortex to medulla - hormones travel eg cortisol mediates NA to adren.
adrenal veins drain into IVC - R or renal vein -l
What are adrenal glands controlled by
Hypothalamus (ACTH from hypophysis)
also symp division of ANS
coeliac plexus, splanchnic nerve
medulla is under direct control. v fast.
initiated by impulses from preganglionic symp fibres that end in the chromaffin cells.
