L02 Cancer and the environment

Question 1

What is the relationship between number of cigarettes smoked and risk of cancer?

Answer 1

Dose-response relationship

Question 2

What are the three most common forms of cancer from smoking?

Answer 2

Lung
Oesphageal
Pancreatic

Question 3

What are the ‘big four’ cancers in the UK?

Answer 3

Breast
Lung
Prostate
Bowel

Question 4

What type of cancer is lots of red meat linked to causing?

Answer 4

Colorectal

Question 5

Risk factors for colon cancer?

Answer 5

High fat diet
High meat diet
Low fibre diet
High amounts of bile
Fried meat diet

Question 6

What is the name of the very potent carcinogen produced by Aspergillus flavus?

Answer 6

Aflatoxin B

Found in groundnut contamination

Question 7

What are the situations where a woman is more exposed to oestrogen, and is therefore more at risk of breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer?

Answer 7

Early menarche (1st period)
Late menopause
No children
Late first pregnancy

Question 8

Other factors other than smoking and diet that contribute to cancer risk?

Answer 8

Occupational hazards e.g. asbestos
Medicines e.g. radiation, cytotoxic drugs
UV light
Ionising radiation