L01 -ORGANELLES

Question 1

NUCLEUS structure (4)

Answer 1

• Double membrane called nuclear envelope
• Nuclear pores to allow substances in and out
• Nucleolus which contains ribosomal RNA and no membrane
• Genetic material packaged in chromatin

Question 2

NUCLEUS function (4)

Answer 2

• Chromatin contains genes which contains genetic info
• Produces ribosomes
• Allows mRNA to leave and be translated
• Membrane separates content from the rest of the cell

Question 3

SER structure (2)

Answer 3

• Is continuous from the nuclear membrane
• Flattened membrane with fluid filled cisternae

Question 4

SER function (2)

Answer 4

• Enzymes that catalyse synthesis of lipids, cholesterol and steroid hormones
• Enzymes that catalyse lipid metabolism

Question 5

RER structure (3)

Answer 5

• Membrane that is continuous with the nuclear membrane
• Has fluid filled cisternae
• Covered in ribosomes

Question 6

RER function (3)

Answer 6

• Creates channels for substances to go through
• Ribosomes = protein synthesis
• Membrane provides large SA for ribosomes to work on

Question 7

MITOCHONDRIA structure (2)

Answer 7

• Double membrane, inner folded into Cristae
• Space within the inner membrane = matrix

Question 8

MITOCHONDRIA function (2)

Answer 8

• Aerobic respiration
• Cristae increase SA for respiration

Question 9

RIBOSOME structure (3)

Answer 9

• Round organelle
• Formed from 2 protein subunits
• Formed from ribosomal RNA in nucleus

Question 10

RIBOSOME function

Answer 10

• Protein synthesis

Question 11

GOLGI APPARATUS structure

Answer 11

• Fluid filled flattened sacs
• Surrounded by Golgi vesicles

Question 12

GOLGI APP function

Answer 12

• Modifies proteins and lipids making glycoproteins and glycolipids
• Vesicles transport proteins and lipids away from organelle

Question 13

VESICLE structure and function

Answer 13

• Round fluid filled structure surrounded by lipid bilayer
• Transports proteins and lipids away from Golgi

Question 14

LYSOSOME structure and function

Answer 14

• Round spherical structure with a lipid bilayer
• Has lysosome enzymes with digest pathogens and degrade proteins

Question 15

CYTOSKELETON structure and function

Answer 15

• Network of proteins and spindle fibres that provide structure and allow interactions within cell

Question 16

PEROXISOME function

Answer 16

• Gets rid of lipids and peroxisomes

Question 17

CYTOSOL structure and function

Answer 17

Fluid in the cytoplasm that helps with metabolism and controlling substances that flow in and out of the cell