L01: Fundamental Concepts of Pharmacology Flashcards
Drugs
chemicals that exhibits a specific response after absorption/digestion.
Drugs: derived from a ____ word “____” which means
Drugs: derived from a Dutch word “Drogue” - dried medical plants
Pharmacology:
study/science of drugs on the LIVING systems
Pharmacology includes (3) of a drug
(incl. Hx, sources, properties (Phys/Chem) of a drug) :
pharmacology is derived from a greek word “______” meaning
pharmacology is derived from a greek word “Pharmakon” - drugs
Pharmacogenetics:
study of the different responses of an individual in a certain drugs as influenced by its genes.
Genetic Factor can ____________the absorption of drugs ➡️_______
Genetic Factor can INFLUENCE/AFFECT the absorption of drugs ➡️side effects
Pharmacognosy:
study of natural drugs (plant-based or animal-based) : natural resources
Pharmacy:
science of preparing, compounding (i.e. mixing, combining or altering), and safe dispensing of drugs
Toxicology:
study of harmful effects of drugs on living things (i.e. humans)
Posology:
study of dosage/quantity of drugs given to pt to get the right pharmacological effect
Therapeutic effect:
desired/primary effect why we are taking the drugs
Side effect:
unintended/secondary effect of the drugs (expected)
Adverse effect:
harmful and undesirable effect of the drugs (unexpected)
Drug allergy:
immunologic reaction of the body to a drug
drug allergy is caused by
hypersensitivity or presence of antibody as a result of previous exposure to a certain drugs.
most common allergic reaction to drugs
- Hives (irregular raised patterns)
2. Urticaria (severe itching)
Anaphylactic reaction:
severe reaction after drug administration
anaphylactic reaction is considered ______ because it can cause _____
life-threatening
respirtory distress & CV collapse
use to treat anaphylactic reaction
Epinephrine
Drug tolerance:
pt requires higher dose
Drug tolerance is usually caused by
psychological dependency or faster drug metabolism
Cumulative effect
e.g.
occurs when the drug is not yet metabolized or in the peak of its therapeutic effect and you take another dose of it = increasing response
alcohol - drug & CNS depressant = slows down brain func
Drug abuse:
use of illegal/OTC drugs
most prominent abused drugs
cannabis (MJ)
- cure to: Alzheimer’s, seizures, ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
Drug dependence:
person’s reliance to drugs
Addiction:
body requires it to function normally. Has a withdrawal effect (physical effect)
Habituation:
emotional reliance to drugs to maintain wellness accompanied by feelings of need or cravings. W/o withdrawal effect
Controlled drugs:
affect the mind/behavior. Can only be dispensed by a prescription.
Idiosyncratic:
abnormal/unusual reaction
what causes idiosyncratic
c] pt inability of the liver to metabolize the drugs after 1st exposure (rare)
Drug interaction:
effect of one drug is modified by the administration of another drug
Effect: ⬆️/ ⬇️the action of one or both drugs
Drug antagonism:
1 of the 2 drugs interferes the action of the other
Summation:
combination effect of the 2 drugs is equal to the sum of the individual effects of each agent
Synergism:
effect of 2 drugs exceeds the sum of their individual effect
Potentiation:
administration 2 of drugs in which one act as a supportive drug increasing the effect of the other drug
