L01: Fundamental Concepts of Pharmacology

Question 1

Drugs

Answer 1

chemicals that exhibits a specific response after absorption/digestion.

Question 2

Drugs: derived from a ____ word “____” which means

Answer 2

Drugs: derived from a Dutch word “Drogue” - dried medical plants

Question 3

Pharmacology:

Answer 3

study/science of drugs on the LIVING systems

Question 4

Pharmacology includes (3) of a drug

Answer 4

(incl. Hx, sources, properties (Phys/Chem) of a drug) :

Question 5

pharmacology is derived from a greek word “______” meaning

Answer 5

pharmacology is derived from a greek word “Pharmakon” - drugs

Question 6

Pharmacogenetics:

Answer 6

study of the different responses of an individual in a certain drugs as influenced by its genes.

Question 7

Genetic Factor can ____________the absorption of drugs ➡️_______

Answer 7

Genetic Factor can INFLUENCE/AFFECT the absorption of drugs ➡️side effects

Question 8

Pharmacognosy:

Answer 8

study of natural drugs (plant-based or animal-based) : natural resources

Question 9

Pharmacy:

Answer 9

science of preparing, compounding (i.e. mixing, combining or altering), and safe dispensing of drugs

Question 10

Toxicology:

Answer 10

study of harmful effects of drugs on living things (i.e. humans)

Question 11

Posology:

Answer 11

study of dosage/quantity of drugs given to pt to get the right pharmacological effect

Question 12

Therapeutic effect:

Answer 12

desired/primary effect why we are taking the drugs

Question 13

Side effect:

Answer 13

unintended/secondary effect of the drugs (expected)

Question 14

Adverse effect:

Answer 14

harmful and undesirable effect of the drugs (unexpected)

Question 15

Drug allergy:

Answer 15

immunologic reaction of the body to a drug

Question 16

drug allergy is caused by

Answer 16

hypersensitivity or presence of antibody as a result of previous exposure to a certain drugs.

Question 17

most common allergic reaction to drugs

Answer 17

1. Hives (irregular raised patterns)

2. Urticaria (severe itching)

Question 18

Anaphylactic reaction:

Answer 18

severe reaction after drug administration

Question 19

anaphylactic reaction is considered ______ because it can cause _____

Answer 19

life-threatening

respirtory distress & CV collapse

Question 20

use to treat anaphylactic reaction

Answer 20

Epinephrine

Question 21

Drug tolerance:

Answer 21

pt requires higher dose

Question 22

Drug tolerance is usually caused by

Answer 22

psychological dependency or faster drug metabolism

Question 23

Cumulative effect

e.g.

Answer 23

occurs when the drug is not yet metabolized or in the peak of its therapeutic effect and you take another dose of it = increasing response

alcohol - drug & CNS depressant = slows down brain func

Question 24

Drug abuse:

Answer 24

use of illegal/OTC drugs

Question 25

most prominent abused drugs

Answer 25

cannabis (MJ) - cure to: Alzheimer’s, seizures, ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)

Question 26

Drug dependence:

Answer 26

person’s reliance to drugs

Question 27

Addiction:

Answer 27

body requires it to function normally. Has a withdrawal effect (physical effect)

Question 28

Habituation:

Answer 28

emotional reliance to drugs to maintain wellness accompanied by feelings of need or cravings. W/o withdrawal effect

Question 29

Controlled drugs:

Answer 29

affect the mind/behavior. Can only be dispensed by a prescription.

Question 30

Idiosyncratic:

Answer 30

abnormal/unusual reaction

Question 31

what causes idiosyncratic

Answer 31

c] pt inability of the liver to metabolize the drugs after 1st exposure (rare)

Question 32

Drug interaction:

Answer 32

effect of one drug is modified by the administration of another drug Effect: ⬆️ / ⬇️ the action of one or both drugs

Question 33

Drug antagonism:

Answer 33

1 of the 2 drugs interferes the action of the other

Question 34

Summation:

Answer 34

combination effect of the 2 drugs is equal to the sum of the individual effects of each agent

Question 35

Synergism:

Answer 35

effect of 2 drugs exceeds the sum of their individual effect

Question 36

Potentiation:

Answer 36

administration 2 of drugs in which one act as a supportive drug increasing the effect of the other drug