L to J - All words Flashcards
Rain containing high amounts of chemical pollutants from the burning of fossil fuels
acid rain
An active effort to improve educational and employment opportunities for minority groups and women
affirmative action
The state of having much wealth
affluence
A chemical herbicide used to clear jungle growth in the Vietnam War
agent orange
A system of transporting food and supplies by aircraft into an area otherwise impossible to reach
airlift
Defense agreements among nation
alliance system
The granting of pardon to a large number of persons; protection of prosecution for an illegal act
amnesty
Person who believes that there should be no government
anarchist
Disorder and lawlessness
anarchy
Hostility toward or discrimination against Jews
anti-semitism
Racial separation and economic and political discrimination against nonwhites, a policy formerly practiced in the republic of South Africa
apartheid
Accepting demands in order to avoid conflict
appeasement
Settling a dispute by agreeing to accept the decision of an impartial outsider
arbitration
A temporary peace agreement to end fighting
armistice
The competition between the United States and the Soviet Union to build more weapons in an effort to surpass the others military strength
arms race
A system with machines and workers arranged so that each person performs an assigned task again and again as items pass before him or her
assembly line
To absorb a group into the culture of a larger population
assimilate
Government in which one person has unlimited power
autocracy
The distribution of power among nations so that no single can dominate or interfere with another
balance of power
The condition of being unable to pay one’s debts; one’s property is managed or sold to pay those whom one owes money
bankruptcy
Laws passed in the south just after the civil war aimed at controlling freedmen and enabling plantation owners to exploit African American workers
black codes
List of persons who are disapproved of and are punished, such as being refused jobs
blacklist
Name given to the sudden, violent offensive attacks the Germans used during World War 2
blitzkrieg
Cut off an area by means of troops or warships to stop supplies or people from coming in or going out; to close off a country’s ports
blockade
To refuse in order to show disapproval or force acceptance of one’s terms
boycott
The amount by which government spending exceeds revenue
budget deficit
An economic system based on private property and free enterprise
capitalism
Northerner who moved to the south after the civil war
carpetbagger
Farm crop raised to be sold for money
cash crop
To express formal disapproval of some action
censure
Protective measures taken in case of attack
civil defense
Refusal to obey laws that are considered unjust as a nonviolent way to the press
civil disobedience
A workplace in which the employer by agreement hires only union members
closed shop
A group united for action
coalition
A struggle over political differences between nations carried on by methods short of war
cold war
Discussion between an employer and union representatives of workers over wages, hours, and working conditions
collective bargaining
Prison camps used to hold people for political reasons
concentration camps
Person who refuses military service on the basis of moral and religious beliefs
conscientious objector
The protection and preservation of natural resources
conservation
The practice of combining separate companies into one
consolidation
The policy or process of preventing the expansion of natural resources
containment
A group that travels with something, such as a ship, to protect it
convoy
Store where farmers bought products from each other; an enterprise owned and operated by those who use it services
cooperative
A business in which investors own shares
corporation
Dishonest or illegal actions
corruption
A social movement whose values go against those of established society
counter culture
Military or political activities intend to combat terrorism
counterterrorism
Lack of belief; a term used to describe the lack of trust in the Johnson administration’s statements about the Vietnam War
credibility gap
To fail to meet an obligation, especially a financial one
default
An excuse, issued by the draft board the lets a person be excused from military service for various reasons
defernment
The shortage that occurs when spending is greater than income
deficit
The government spending more money than it takes in
deficit spending
A region where no military forces or weapons are permitted
demilitarized zone
The act of cutting the restrictions and regulations that government places on business
deregulation
- To end the practice separating or isolating people of different races
desegregate
A policy which attempts to relax or ease tensions between nations
detente
leader who rules with total authority, often in a cruel or brutal manner
dictator
removal of weapons
disarmament
Unfair treatment of a group; unequal treatment because of a person’s race, religion, ethnic background, or place of birth
discrimination
Disagreement with or opposition to an opinion
dissent
A stockholder’s share of a company’s profits, usually as a cash payment
divident
To send out of a country aliens who are considered dangerous
deport
A policy of joining the business interests of a country with its diplomatic interests abroad
dollar diplomacy
The practice of companies laying off workers to become more efficient and to increase their earnings
downsize
The way of farming dry land in which seeds are planted deep in ground where there is some moisture
dry farming
An order prohibiting trade with another country
embargo
To leave one’s place of residence or country to live somewhere
emigrate
To increase or expand
escalate
spying
espionage
A minority that speaks a different language or follows different customs than the majority of people in a country. People who share a common language and traditions
ethnic group
The scientific theory of that humans and other living things have evolved over time
evolution
A rule issued by a chief executive that has the force of law
executive order
President Nixon’s belief that all white house conversations should be kept secret to protect national security
executive prvilege
A policy that calls for expanding a nation’s boundaries
expansionism
A person who gives up his or her home country and chooses to live in another country
expatriate
A political system, headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance for opposition
fascism
A person with extremely nationalistic views
fascist
The amount of money owed by the government
federal debt
A person who advocates or is active in promoting women’s rights
feminist
A young woman of the 1920’s who defied conventions in her behavior and dress
flapper
