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L Spine > L Spine > Flashcards

L Spine Flashcards

0
Q

What is unique about the transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae

A

Facets for articulation with ribs

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1
Q

What is unique about the bodies of thoracic vertebrae

A

Demi facets for articulation with ribs

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2
Q

What is unique about the spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae

A

They are long and point downward

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3
Q

The ___________ of the thoracic spine lie at a 90 degree angle to the MSP and is best demonstrated radiographically on the _________ position.

A

Intervertebral foramina

Lateral

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4
Q

1-2” above the jugular notch associate with which vertebrae

A

C7-T1

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5
Q

The superior margin of the jugular notch associated with which vertebrae

A

T2-T3

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6
Q

The sternal angle associates with which vertebrae

A

T4-T5

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7
Q

3-4” below the jugular notch associated with which vertebrae

A

T7

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8
Q

The xiphoid tip associates with which vertebrae

A

T10

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9
Q

List the routine for thoracic spine

A

AP
Lateral
+/- swimmers

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10
Q

What are the breathing instructions for lateral thoracic spine

A

Breath normally

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11
Q

State the CR for the AP thoracic spine

A

T7 and MSP

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12
Q

The zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine are located at a _____ degree to the MSP open anteriorly

A

70-75

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13
Q

The RAO position of thoracic spine would best demonstrate the ________ joints

A

Right zygapophyseal

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14
Q

How do you determine the patient was in the AP position with no rotation on the AP thoracic spine radiograph

A

SC joints are equidistant from spine and spinous processes equidistant from Pedicles

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15
Q

State the CR for the lateral thoracic spine

A

Perpendicular to T7

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16
Q

The portion of the lamina between the articular processes of lumbar vertebrae is called

A

Pars interarticularis

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17
Q

List the routine for lumbar spine

A

AP
2 obliques
Lateral
L5-S1 spot

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18
Q

State the CR for the AP L spine

A

Perpendicular to the iliac crest/ L4

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19
Q

How do you determine that the patient was in the true lateral position on the lateral L spine

A

Intervertebral foramina open and Pedicles superimposed
L1-L5 in profile
Greater static notches are superimposed

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20
Q

Why should you place lead on the tabletop behind the pt when performing a lateral lumbar

A

To decrease scatter

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21
Q

The eye of the Scotty dog

A

Pedicle

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22
Q

The nose of the Scotty dog

A

Transverse process

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23
Q

The ear of the Scotty dog

A

Superior articular process

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24
Q

The front leg o the Scotty dog

A

Inferior articular process

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25
Q

The neck o the Scotty dog

A

Pars interarticularis

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26
Q

The lower rib margin articulates with which vertebrae

A

L2-L3

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27
Q

The iliac crest articulates with which vertebrae

A

L4-L5

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28
Q

The ASIS articulates with which vertebrae

A

S1-S2

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29
Q

The symphysis pubis articulates with which vertebrae

A

Mid coccyx

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30
Q

What passes through the sacral foramina

A

Blood vessels and nerves

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31
Q

The anterior superior ridge of the body of the 1st sacral segment and forms the posterior wall of the pelvic inlet is termed the ___________

A

Promentory

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32
Q

The _________ is a landmark to define the inlet of the true pelvis

A

Promentory / anterior superior ridge of the 1st sacral segment

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33
Q

What is formed by the fused spinous processes of the true pelvis

A

Median sacral crest

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34
Q

The forward curvature of the (male, female) sacrum is more pronounced, with its greatest curvature in the lower half of the bone. It also lies in a more oblique plane (as opposed to vertical in position), which results in a sharper angle at the L5/S1 junction

A

Male

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35
Q

List the routine for the sacrum

A

AP axial

Lateral

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36
Q

The CR or the AP axial sacrum I directed __________ degrees (cephalad/Caudad) to a point 2” superior to the pubic symphysis on the MSP

A

15

Cephalad

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37
Q

State the CR for the lateral sacrum

A

Perpendicular to 3-4” posterior to ASIS

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38
Q

Anatomy demonstrated on AP t spine

A

Vertebral bodies
Spinous processes
Transverse processes

39
Q

Anatomy demonstrated on oblique t spine

A

RAO right zyg joints
LAO left zyg joints
RPO left zyg joints
LPO right zyg joints

40
Q

Anatomy demonstrated on lateral t spine

A

Intervertebral spaces

Intervertebral foramen

41
Q

Anatomy demonstrated on AP L spine

A 
Vertebral bodies
Disk spaces
Transverse processes
SI joints 
Sacrum
42
Q

Anatomy demonstrated on oblique L spine

A

RPO rt zyg joints

LPO lt zyg joints

43
Q

Anatomy demonstrated on lateral L spine

A

Intervertebral foramen
Joint spaces
Vertebral bodies
Spinous processes

44
Q

The superior and inferior vertebral notches join together to form the

A

Intervertebral foramen

45
Q

Which radiograph best demonstrated the intervertebral foramen

A

Lateral

46
Q

Is the degree of angle to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints greater or lesser in the lower lumbar vertebrae as compared to the upper

A

It is lesser

50 degree for upper and 30 degree for lower to MSP

47
Q

The small foramina found in the sacrum are called

A

Pelvic sacral foramina

48
Q

What is another term for the sacral horns

A

Cornua

49
Q

The sacroiliac joints lie at an oblique angle of __________ degrees to the coronal plane

A

30

50
Q

What is the name for the superior broad aspect of the coccyx

A

Base

51
Q

Classification, mobility, and movement type for zygapophyseal joints

A

Synovial, diarthrodial, plane or gliding

52
Q

The degree of obliquity required for an oblique projection at the T12-L1 level is approximately ____________, whereas the L5-S1 level spine requires a __________ oblique. Therefore a __________ oblique is performed for the general L spine

A

50
30
45

53
Q

T/F The use of higher kVp and lower mAs for lumbar spine radiography improves radiographic contrast but increases patient dose

A

False

54
Q

T/F placing a lead blocker mat behind the pt for lateral L spine improves image quality

A

True

55
Q

Gonadal shielding should always be used for male and female patients for studies of L spine, sacrum, coccyx

A

False

Not use for female

56
Q

T/F the AP projection of the lumbar spine opens the intervertebral joint spaces better than PA projection

A

False

PA opens intervertebral joint spaces more

57
Q

T/F the knees and hips should be extended for an AP projection of L spine

A

False

Flexed

58
Q

T/F an increased SID of 44 or 46 inches reduces distortion of spine anatomy

A

True

59
Q

Which modality best demonstrates osteoporosis

A

Bone densitometry

60
Q

Which modality best demonstrates soft tissues of lumbar spine

A

MRI

61
Q

Which modality best demonstrates structures within subarachnoid space

A

MRI

62
Q

Which modality best demonstrates inflammatory conditions such as Paget’s disease

A

Nuclear medicine

63
Q

Which modality best demonstrates compression fxs of L spine

A

CT

64
Q

Lateral curvature of vertebral column

A

Scoliosis

65
Q

Fx of the vertebral body caused by hyperflexion force

A

chance fx

66
Q

Congenital defect in which the posterior elements of the vertebrae fail to unite

A

Spina bifida

67
Q

Most common at the L4-L5 level and may result in sciatica

A

HNP

68
Q

Forward displacement of one vertebra onto another vertebra

A

Spondylolisthesis

69
Q

Inflammatory condition that is most common in males in their thirties

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

70
Q

Dislocation and separation of the pars interarticularis

A

Spondylolysis

71
Q

A type of fx that rarely causes neurological defects

A

Compression fx

72
Q

The AP and lateral lumbar spine projections use what size IR and the CR is centered where

A

14x17

Iliac crest

73
Q

Which specific set of l spine zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated with an LAO position

A

Right

74
Q

Which positioning error has been committed of the eye of the Scotty dog are projected too far posterior wih a 45 degree oblique position of the L spine

A

Too much rotation

75
Q

Which position or projection of the L spine series best demonstrated a possible compression fx

A

Lateral

76
Q

A pt with a wide pelvis and narrow thorax may require a CR angle of ___________ degrees (Caudad/cephalad) for a lateral L spine

A

5-8

Caudad

77
Q

How should the spine of a pt with scoliosis be poisoned for a lateral L spine

A

With the “sag” or convexity of the spine closest to the IR

78
Q

Why should the knees and hip be flexed for an AP L spine

A

Reduces lumbar curvature which opens up the disk space

79
Q

T/F the female ovarian dose used for a PA L spine is approx 30% less than the dose used for an AP

A

True

80
Q

State the CR for L5-S1 spot

A

1 1/2 in inferior of iliac crest an 2” posterior of ASIS

81
Q

T/F a PA or AP projection for a scoliosis series frequently includes one erect and one recumbent position for comparison

A

True

82
Q

T/F the lower margin of the cassette must include the symphysis pubis for a scoliosis series

A

False (lower margin 1-2 in below iliac crest

83
Q

T/F a PA projection for a scoliosis series produces only about 1/10 the dose to the breast as compared with the AP projection

A

True

84
Q

What technique or devices produces a more uniform density along the vertebral column for an AP/PA scoliosis projection

A

Compensating filter

85
Q

Which side of the spine should be elevated for the second exposure for the AP/PA projection (Ferguson method) scoliosis series (by having the pt stand on a block with one foot)

A

The convex side of the spine

86
Q

During the AP (PA) right and left bending projections of the L spine the ______ must remain stationary during positioning

A

Pelvis

87
Q

Which projections should be taken to evaluate flexibility following spinal fusion surgery

A

Hyperextention/ hyperflexion

88
Q

How much CR angulation is required for an AP projection of the sacrum for a typical male pt

A

15 degrees cephalad

89
Q

If a pt cannot lie on their back for an AP sacrum what projection should be used

A

PA 15 degree Caudad

90
Q

Where is the CR centered for an AP projection of the coccyx

A

2” superior of symphysis pubis

91
Q

T/F the AP projections of the sacrum and coccyx can be taken as one single projection to decrease gonadal dose

A

False (different CR angles need)

92
Q

Pts should be asked to empty the urinary bladder before performing which projections of the vertebral column

A

AP of sacrum and coccyx

93
Q

Which SI joint is visualized with an RPO position

A

Left

94
Q

How much rotation of the body is required for oblique positions of the SI joints

A

25-30

95
Q

What type of CR angle is recommended for the axial projection o the SI joints on a female pt

A

35 degree cephalad

96
Q

Where is the CR centered for an oblique projection of the SI joints

A

1” medial from upside ASIS

L Spine (1 decks)

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