L 90 Dracunculus, Filariasis, Oncho.. Flashcards
Patient presents from Africa with an ulcer that has a protruding worm. Treatment involves winding the worm on a stick little by little. What is the agent, and describe the life cycle?
Dracunculiasis medinensis
Asult worm lives in the sub Q and skin and migrates to surface to release larvae. Lesion is painful.
Larvae are released into water where copepods eat them and become infected. Humans eat or drink the copepods in the infected water and become infected.
There is no effective anti-helminthic agent for treatment.
Patient is diagnosed with Wuchereria bancrofti. How are they expected to present?
Describe the features of the causative agent.
This causes lymphedema and is also known as lymphatic filariasis
Caused by Wuchereria bancrofti which is a microscopic worm that lives in the lymphatic ducts.
The infective stage is the filariform juvenile that is injected by mosquitos that feed at night in Africa, Asia, Haiti, Brazil
Causes elaphantoid tissue of limbs, scrotum, breasts
Microfilaria are diagnostic
Patient in Africa or Ecuador presents with elephantoid tissue, sub Q nodules, and blindness after being bitten by a black fly near fast flowing water. Agent and disease?
Onchocerca volvulus (river blindness)
Caused by a worm that is spread by the Black Fly
Patient gets lymphedema that becomes scaly called onchodermatitis and lichenification
Microfilaria in tissues is diagnostic
Removal of nodules
Patient presents with a worm in their eye. What likely bit them and what is the causative agent?
Disease is laoiasis
Spread by the deer fly in Africa
Patient from S.E. USA is bit by a mosquito and is later found to have a coin lesion on x-ray in heart or lungs or subQ
This is dirofilariasis
Caused by a dog heart worm that is spread by mosquitos
Describe life cycle for schostosomiasis
Miracidium passes from human feces
Cercaria are the infective stage from snails to humans
Where in the body does S. harmatobium like to live?
In the veins of the urinary bladder
Where in the body does S. mansoni like to live?
Portal veins of the large intestine
Where in the body does S. japonicum like to live?
Veins of the small intestine
Where in the body does S. mekongi like to live?
Veins of the small intestine
Patient is found to eosinophilia and T-cell granulomas and urticaria. What is causing the T-cell granuloma?
Schistosomiasis has eggs that secrete soluble egg antigen that causes the T-cell granuloma which kills the eggs and eventually leads to fibrosis and obstruction of capillaries leading to cirrhosis
How is schostosomiasis treated?
Praziquantel
Patient is found to have the following in the veins of the bladder and in the urine. Describe the details of this disease.
Terminal spines on the egg=S. haematobia
Found in Africa and Egypt
Infective stage is the cercaria
Fever, granulomas, hematuria, dysuria, bladder cancer
From infested water with snails
ALso called Ah-Ah-Ah disease and is common in boys
Passed in the urine to reinfect the water
Patient presents with the following in their stool along with hepatosplenomegaly and hematochezia. Diagnosis and other features?
Egg with a leteral spine= S. mansoni
Adults found in the large intestine
Causes HSM, hematochezia, hepatic malignancy, ascites
Found in Africa, carribean, S. America
Identify the image
These are circariae which are the infective form of schistosomiasis
Identify the image
Image shows two worms in eternal copulation. This is a classic finding for schistosomiasis where the male worm has a channel that the female resides in.
Patient goes swimming and develops an itchy rash
Schistosome dermatitis
Hosts are birds and mammals
