Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm Exam 7 > L 5 Cephalosporins > Flashcards

L 5 Cephalosporins Flashcards

1
Q

How are most Cephalosporins excreted?

A

Through the kidney

Exception is Ceftriaxone which is partially metabolized by the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What bugs are killed by 1st gen Cephalosporins?

A

First PECK
Proteus
E. Coli
Klebsiella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which drug is DOC for surgical prophylaxis?

A

Cefazolin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which Cephalosporins are the best for CNS penetration?

A

Cefotaxime Sodium

Ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which Cephalosporins are good killers of P. aeruginosa?

A

3rd gen Cephalosporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which Cephalosporins is good against MRSA?

A

Ceftaroline fosamil (Teflaro)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do Cephalosporins compare to penicillins?

A

Similar beta lactam ring

Better resistance to penicillinases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does spectrum change over the generations of Cephalosporins?

A

1st gen to 4th gen the coverage and spectrum gets wider

Start with good g(+) coverage and slowly lose g(+) for g(-) coverage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are 1st gen Cephalosporins not effective against?

A

Enterococci
MRSA
S. epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What drugs are 1st gen Cephalosporins?

A

Cafazolin (Kefzol, Ancef): IV
Cefadroxil Monohydrate (Duricef): Oral
Cephalexin (Keflex): Oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cefazolin (Kefzol, Ancef)

A

1st gen Cephalosporin

IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cefadroxil Monohydrate (Duricef)

A

1st gen Cephalosporin

Oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cephalexin (Keflex)

A

1st gen Cephalosporin

Oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What drugs are 2nd gen Cephalosporins?

A 
Cefoxitin (Mefoxin)
Cefaclor (Ceclor)
Cefuroxime (Zinacef)
Cefmetazole (Zefazone)
Cefotetan (Cefotan)
Cefprozil (Cefzil)
Loracarbef (Lorabid)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cefoxitin (Mefoxin)

A

2nd gen Cephalosporin

IM/IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cefaclor (Ceclor)

A

2nd gen Cephalosporin

Oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cefuroxime (Zinacef)

A

2nd gen Cephalosporin

IM/IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cefmetazole (Zefazone)

A

2nd gen Cephalosporin

IM/IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cefotetan (Cefotan)

A

2nd gen Cephalosporin

IM/IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cefprozil (Cefzil)

A

2nd gen Cephalosporin

Oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Loracarbef (Lorabid)

A

2nd gen Cephalosporin

Oral

22
Q

3rd gen Cephalosporins

General characteristics

A

Better against enterobacteriaciaea than other Cephalosporins
Good P. aeruginosa
Good CNS

23
Q

What are the notable 3rd gen Cephalosporins?

A

Cefotaxime Sodium (Claforan): CNS. IV/IM
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin): CNS, IV/IM, Partial liver excretion
Cefixime (Suprax): similar to Ceftriaxone but oral

24
Q

Cefotaxime Sodium (Claforan)

A

3rd gen Cephalosporin

CNS, IM/IV

25
Q

Ceftizoxime (Cefizox)

A

3rd gen Cephalosporin

IM/IV

26
Q

Ceftazidime (Fortaz)

A

3rd gen Cephalosporin

IV/IM

27
Q

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

A

3rd gen Cephalosporin
CNS
IV/IM
Partial liver metabolism

28
Q

Cefixime (Suprax)

A

3rd gen Cephalosporin
Like Ceftriaxone but Oral
CNS, IV/IM, Liver metabolism?

29
Q

Cefditoren (Spectracef)

A

3rd gen Cephalosporin

Oral

30
Q

Cefpodoxime Proxetil (Vantin)

A

3rd gen Cephalosporin

Oral

31
Q

Ceftibuten (Cedax)

A

3rd gen Cephalosporin

Oral

32
Q

Cefdinir (omnicef)

A

3rd gen Cephalosporin

Oral

33
Q

4th gen Cephalosporins

A

Comparable to 3rd gen but more penicillinase resistant
Coverage: P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter, S. pneumonia, S. aureus, Citrobacter, E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, N. gonorrhoeae, Shigella, Serratia, Salmonella, Mycobacterium
Not: Enterococcus, Bacteroides
Cefepime (Maxipime): IV

34
Q

Ceftaroline fosamil (Teflaro)

A

Unnamed gen of Cephalosporins
MRSA
IM/IV

35
Q

In general, what are Cephalosporins not effective against?

A

MRSA
Listeria
Enterococci
Atypicals (mcobacterium, chlamydia)

36
Q

Most Cephalosporins are excreted by the kidney. How can this be slowed?

A

Admin of Probenacid (Benemid)

37
Q

DOC for Moraxella Catarrhalis

A

2nd/3rd gen Cephalosporins

38
Q

DOC for N. gonorrhoeae

A

Ceftriaxone, Cefixime

39
Q

DOC for E.coli, Klebsiella, Proteus

A

1st/2nd gen Cephalosporins

40
Q

DOC for Salmonella

A

3rd gen Cephalosporins

41
Q

DOC for S. pneumoniae resistant to penicillin

A

Ceftriaxone

42
Q

Side effects of Cephalosporins

A

Pseudomembranous colitis
Superinfections by candida and staph aureus
Disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol
Dose-dependent renal tubular necrosis made worse when combined with aminoglycosides

43
Q

Can patients allergic to Penicillin take Cephalosporins?

A

Yes. There is little cross-reaction (6-18%)

44
Q

Distribution and elimination of Cefepime (Maxipime)

A

Most tissues including the CNS

Kidney excretion

45
Q

What was the first effective agent against MRSA?

A

Ceftaroline fosamil (Teflaro)

46
Q

What is Ceftaroline fosamil (Teflaro) good against and not good against

A

Kills MRSA

Not effective against P. aeruginosa

47
Q

Vancomycin

Coverage, Synergism, Use, Admin, Excretion, Toxicity

A

ICWS by preventing cross-linking and transglycosylation
Coverage of g(+) only, g(-) are resistant
Synergistic with aminoglycosides for effect and nephrotoxicity
Use: g(+) organisms in penicillin resistant or allergic patients, MRSA, meningitis
IV admin unless for pseudomembranous colitis–oral
Kidney excretion
Adverse: ototoxic, nephrotoxic, red-man syndrome

48
Q

Telavancin (Vibativ)

A

Similar to Vancomycin
Lipoglycopeptide
Used for MRSA

49
Q

Fosfomycin (Monurol)

A

ICWS by preventing the early peptidoglycan synth
g(+) & g(-)
Oral, kidney

50
Q

Bacitracin

A

Prevents transport of peptidoglycan out of the cell
Mainly g(+)
Serious nephrotoxicity
Topical use most common including for plastic surgery

51
Q

Cycloserine

A

Not on USA market
Competes w/D-alanine for enzymes
CNS toxicity

52
Q

Daptomycin (Cubicin)

A

Lipopeptide–binds membranes causing rapid depolarization and stop to all membrane transport
Bactericidal, g(+)
No resistance known
IV admin, kidney excretion

Pharm Exam 7 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions