L#3 - Bacterial Genetics

Question 1

single, long piece of
circular, double-stranded
DNA

Answer 1

Chromosome

Question 2

a small DNA circles, replicate independently, and genes for toxins, proteins that promote transfer

Answer 2

Plasmids

Question 3

When not dividing, chromosome exists as a grainy material called _________

Answer 3

Chromatin

Question 4

Collecting genes from other organisms

Answer 4

Genetic Transfer

Question 5

Genetic transfer that happens during Binary fission

Answer 5

Vertical Gene Transfer

Question 6

Genetic transfer that happens during mother cell to offspring

Answer 6

Vertical Gene Transfer

Question 7

Genetic transfer that can be in the form conjugation, transformation, and transduction

Answer 7

Horizontal Gene Transfer

Question 8

[True or False]
Once a strand of the plasmid is transferred, it is automatically copied

Answer 8

True

Question 9

in _________ ___________, an appendage of a male bacterium by which it attaches to a female bacterium, preparatory to the transfer of DNA from male to female

Answer 9

Bacterial conjugation

Question 10

is a conjugation apparatus that pulls two cells together prior to DNA transfer

Answer 10

Sex pilus

Question 11

It help in binding two conjugants and also help in passing F plasmid F plasmid from F+ cell to F– cell

Answer 11

Sex pilus

Question 12

R plasmid

Answer 12

a plasmid that can help bacteria resist from forms of antibiotic

Question 13

a critical enzyme in the process of transformation, it catalyzes the pairing of the single stranded DNA with a complementary regions of the double stranded DNA

Answer 13

Competent bacterium: RecA protein

Question 14

a recombinase functioning in recombinational DNA repair in bacteria

Answer 14

RecA protein

Question 15

carries a DNA sequence called the fertility factor, or F-factor

Answer 15

Donor bacterium

Question 16

The F-factor allows the donor to produce a thin, tubelike structure called a _____ which the donor uses to contact the recipient

Answer 16

Pilus

Question 17

is the process by which one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact

Answer 17

Conjugation

Question 18

this draws the two bacteria together, at which time the donor bacterium transfers genetic material to the recipient bacterium

Answer 18

Pilus

Question 19

is a large circular conjugative plasmid of Escherichia coli and was originally described as a vector for horizontal gene transfer and gene recombination in the late 1940s

Answer 19

F plasmid or F-factor

Question 20

[True or False]

Answer 20

When the F-plasmid is transferred, the recipients develop into F+ male cells.

Question 21

is called conjugative because it possesses all the genes required for its transfer, including the capacity to produce sex pili and activate DNA synthesis at the plasmid’s transfer origin

Answer 21

F-plasmid

Question 22

a form of genetic recombination in which a DNA fragment from a dead, degraded bacterium enters a competent recipient bacterium and is exchanged for a piece of DNA of the recipient

Answer 22

Transformation

Question 23

is one mode of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in bacteria, wherein extracellular naked DNA is taken up by cells that have developed genetic competence

Answer 23

Transformation

Question 24

a bacterium takes up a piece of DNA floating in its environment

Answer 24

transformation

Question 25

DNA is accidentally moved from one bacterium to another by a virus

Answer 25

transduction

Question 26

Bacteria reproduce by splitting in two via _____?

Answer 26

Binary fission

Question 27

Viruses that infect bacteria are called ______

Answer 27

Bacteriophages

Question 28

DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another

Answer 28

Conjugation

Question 29

Donor cells typically act as donors because they have a chunk of DNA called

Answer 29

fertility factor (or F factor)

Question 30

[FACT] ✔
If the F factor is transferred during conjugation, the receiving cell turns into an F+ donor that can make its own pilus and transfer DNA to other cells. Here’s one analogy: this process is sort of like how a vampire can turn other people into vampires by biting them.

Answer 30

FACT ✔

Question 31

During conjugation, one prokaryote transfers DNA directly to another prokaryote through a structure called a ____

Answer 31

mating bridge

Question 32

Transduction is a transfer of DNA fragments from one bacterium
to another by a ____________

Answer 32

bacteriophage

Question 33

is a transfer of DNA fragments from one bacterium
to another by a bacteriophage

Question 34

it involves the production of viruses using a host cell to manufacture more viruses and then the viruses would burst out of the host bacterium

Answer 34

Lytic or Virulent phage

Question 35

undergoes replication through the lysogenic cycle, this type of replication involves the incorporation of the viral genome into the host cell genome creating the so-called prophage

Answer 35

Temperate phage or phage Lambda