L- 2 cellular organisation

Question 1

the 3 classical cell theory

Answer 1

• all organisms are made of cells
• cells are the basic units of life
• cells come from pre-existing cells that have multiplied

Question 2

3 modern cell theory

Answer 2

• cells contain heredity info in their DMA this Information is passed to new cells by cell division
• all cells have the same chemical composition
• energy flow occur within cells

Question 3

ways to increase the surface area

Answer 3

flattening
filaments
branching
folding

Question 4

plasma membrane (animal cell)
- structure
- function

Answer 4

structure
- consists of phospholipids bi-layer
function
- selective permeability
- transport
- cell to cell communication

Question 5

nucleus (animal cell)
- structure
- function

Answer 5

structure
- membrane bound organelle (nuclear envelope, pores, lamina)
function
- control center of a cell

Question 6

ribosome & protein synthesis (aimal cell)
- structure
- function

Answer 6

structure
- consists of large and small subunits
- particles made of RNA and protein
- in cytosol and attached to endoplasmic reticulum
function
- protein synthesis machine of cell
- translation site

Question 7

end-membrane system (animal cell)
- structure
- function

Answer 7

structure
- highly convoluted
- multi- membrane
- interconnected
function
- lipids and proteins factory of a cell (manufactory / shipping)

Question 8

endoplasmic reticulum (animal cell)
- structure
- function

Answer 8

structure
- smooth ER: ribosome free
- rough ER: ribosome bound
function
- SER: detox organelle
- RER: protein folding/modification

Question 9

Golgi apparatus (animal cell)
- structure
- function

Answer 9

structure
- series of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae
- cis receiving face and trans shipping face
function
- protein modification and transport
- material received from ER to cis face
- processed material leaves GA from the trans face

Question 10

lysosomes (animal cell)
- structure
- function

Answer 10

structure
- membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes
function
- digestive systems of a cell
- taken up from outside the cell (phagocytosis)
-obsolete components of the cell (autophagy)

Question 11

name the 7 acid hydrolyses

Answer 11

• Nucleases
• Proteases
• Glycosidases
• Phosphatases
• Phospholipases
• Lipases
• Sulfatases

Question 12

mitochondria (animal cell)
- structure
- function

Answer 12

structure
- inter membrane space
- mitochondrial matrix
function
- powerhouse of a cell
- site of respiration

Question 13

Peroxisomes (animal cell)
- structure
- function

Answer 13

structure
- specialized metabolic compartment
enclosed by a single membrane
function
- break down organic molecule by oxidation producing hydrogen peroxide

Question 14

cytoskeleton (animal cell)

Answer 14

maintain cell shape and position
provide a track for vesicles
allow motility (ability to move independently)

Question 15

chloroplast (plant cell)
- structure
- function

Answer 15

structure
- part of the plastid family
- outer and inner membrane
- another membrane system flattened and interconnected sacs called thylakoids

function
- site of photosynthesis

Question 16

vacuoles (plant cell)
- structure
- function

Answer 16

structure
- one large central vacuole enclosed by
a membrane called the tonoplast

function
- storage
- digestion
- structural

Question 17

4 phases in the cell cycle

Answer 17

G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
M phase
- mitosis
- cytokinesis