L 1 Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Genetics

A

Study of genes, heredity and genetic variation in living organisms. Generally considered biology however spans many of the life sciences

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2
Q

Molecular Genetics

A

Studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level

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3
Q

Why is the study of genetics important

A

Genes…

Influence our lives
Contribute to personality
Fundamental to who and what we are

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4
Q

Baby genes newborn screening panel

A

Must be ordered by a physician, screens about 100 genes that are not on the normal screening panel

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5
Q

Reasons not to edit the human germline

A

Still issues with safety, efficacy and delivery, must assess the debate of various people involved, moral reasons

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6
Q

Reasons for editing the human genome

A

No more risky than natural sexual selection, rid certain disease

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7
Q

Luxturna

A

A genetically modified virus that ferries a healthy gene into the eyes of patients born with retinal dystrophy

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8
Q

Genome

A

Complete set of genetic instructions for any organism, can be RNA or DNA, coding system for genomic information

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9
Q

Transmission genetics

A

Classical genetics, how traits are passed from one generation to the next

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10
Q

Molecular Genetics

A

Studies gene structure, function, and regulation

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11
Q

Population genetics

A

The study of the genetic composition of groups and how gene frequency changes geographically or with time (evolution)

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12
Q

Population genetics and epidemiology

A

Analyzes the patterns, causes and effects of health and disease in defined populations

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13
Q

Model genetic organisms

A

Organisms with characteristics that make them useful for genetic analysis

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14
Q

Most common model organisms

A

Fruit fly (Drosphilia), E. Coli, C. Elegans, Arabidopsis, Mus musculus, Sachamomyces (yeast), Danio rerio (zebrafish)

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15
Q

Traits beneficial in model organisms

A

Short generation time, produces numerous progeny, ability to carry out controlled genetic crosses, ability to be reared in a laboratory environment, availability of numerous genetic variants, vast body of knowledge of genetic systems

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16
Q

Why are model organisms useful

A

Because of the basic similarity among all living things

17
Q

First multicellular organism to have entire genome sequenced

18
Q

Germ-plasm theory

A

All cells contain a complete set of genetic information

19
Q

Cell theory

A

All life is composed of cells and cells arise only from cells

20
Q

Mendelian inheritance

A

Traits are inherited in accord with defined principles

21
Q

Pangenesis

A

Incorrect theory that states genetic information travels from different parts of the body to the reproductive organs

22
Q

Inheritance of acquired characteristics

A

Incorrect theory that states that traits used more often are placed into the genetic information and ones that are not are lost

23
Q

Preformation

A

Incorrect theory that states miniature organisms resides in sex cells and all traits are inherited from a single parent

24
Q

Blending inheritance

A

Incorrect theory that states genes blend and mix

25
Homunculus
A fully formed human that is found in the egg or sperm, associated with preformation theory of genetics
26
Lamarkianism
if an organism changes over the course of its life and those traits are passed to the next generation
27
Weismann
In 1892 postulated the theory of germ plasm
28
Gregor Mendel
Principles of heredity
29
Schleiden and Schwann
Cell theory
30
Flemming
Chromosomes
31
Darwin
Evolution
32
Sutton
Genes are located on the chromosomes
33
Human Genome Project
The first sequencing of the entire human genome, published in April of 2003