Kursen i recap Flashcards
Lista de fyra områden inom vilka Expr och trans skiljer sig enligt Berglund et al. och hur de skiljer sig.
And to what domain each area belongs
- Environments: discovered // created
- Design artifacts: distinct // mutable
- Design principles: adaptation // Negotiation
- View on individuals: hierarchies // heterarchies
List all seven sources of opportunites (Drucker, P. (1985). The Discipline of Innovation) + an example that illustrates the opportunity kind. Also mark out which ones belong to inner or outer circumstances.
1.The unecpected (success/failure of skam, squid game)
2. the incongruity (reality Vs ought to be; sigma stocks frakt via båt)
3. Innovation based upon process needs/bottlenecks (task rather than situation; klarna, bankid)
4. Changes in industry structure or market structure (catches everyone unaware; AirBnB, zoom)
___
5. Demographics (tiktok?)
6. Changes in perception, mood and meaning (no carbs movement, havredryck)
7. New knowledge (GTP3, AI)
List the 3 task strategic areas that companies must work on and mention what they actually mean.
- segmentation = business strategy
Decide for whom to be best and design a company accordingly - Differentiation = product strategy
Build a product to clearly set you apart from alternatives - Positioning = communications strategy
Influence customer minds so they remember why you are best
Mention 3 important steps during the designing phase of entrepreneurship
- designing artifacts
- Using artifacts as interface (inner/outer systems)
- Experimentation & transformation
Mention 3 different types of artifacts and give examples how expr and trans respectivly might use the type.
Other types of artifacts (both exp and tran): Narrative(presentation or discussing) // physical(test rig or mind map) // digital (surveys/homepages or open source projects)
Mention 3 different types of artifacts and give examples how expr and trans respectivly might use the type.
Other types of artifacts (both exp and tran): Narrative(pitches, metaphors, analogies OR incomplete opportunity descriptions) // physical(test rig or mind map) // digital (surveys/homepages or open source projects)
How do artifacts differe in expr and trans?
Distinct (experimental view):
artifacts are focusing devices that enable the efficient execution of experiments.
Mutable (transformational view):
artifacts are boundary objects that facilitate as well as transform in interaction.
List 5 different abstract artifacts
- Abstract: immaterial, even vague concepts or ideas, theories, Models, Pseudocode, Operational software
List the 6 steps of the experimentation cycle in experimentation
The cycle: Ideas, build, product, measure, data, learn and get new ideas
List 4 ways to discover PMF in experimentation
interviewing
Prototyping
UX testing
Wizard of oz (faking it)
What is meant by effectuation in transformation and how does it differ from traditional information gathering?
Sarasvathy
The word “effectual” is the inverse of “causal”.
(In general, in MBA programs across the world, students are taught causal or predictive reasoning – in every functional area of business.)
- Causal rationality begins with a pre-determined goal and a given set of means and seeks to identify the optimal – fastest, cheapest, most efficient, etc. – alternative to achieve the given goal.
- Effectual reasoning, however, does not begin with a specific goal. Instead, it begins with a given set of means and allows goals to emerge contingently over time from the varied imagination and diverse aspirations of the founders and the people they interact with.
_____Berglund et al.
Effectuation builds on the decision theory literature that suggests that if decision-makers believe they are dealing with relatively unpredictable phenomena, they will try to gather information about future trends through experimental and iterative learning [em- phasis added] (e.g., Ries, 2011).
In contrast, Sarasvathy:
If decision-makers believe they are dealing with a measurable or relatively predictable future, they will tend to do some systematic information gathering . . . if they believe they are dealing with relatively unpredictable phenomena, they will try to gather information through experimental and iterative learning techniques [emphasis added] … I began to see that [there was] a third category consisting of a future that was not only unknown but unknowable [emphasis added] in principle . . . I called that logic effectuation.
Effectuation (Sarasvathy, 2008) provides nuanced elaborations of individuals, environments, and design principles. However, while design artifacts are central, they primarily figure as final outcomes in the form of new firms and markets. Our framework suggests that effectuation can be developed by also considering intermediate artifacts employed throughout the process. Here, ongoing work to contrast two narrative design artifacts, the “causal pitch” and the “effectual ask”
List steps to go From early to mainstream markets [AARRR]
Acquisition = how do users find you?
Activation = great first experience
Retention = do they come back
Revenue = do they pay
Referral = do they recommend
List 4 important areas when moving on into a scaling phase
- Time plans and milestones
- Metrics for tracking PMF
- Steps from early to mainstream markets
- partners and ecosystems
List a 4 step process for customer development
4 step process:
Discovery -> validation (or pivot) -> customer creation -> company building
What are the most important best practices in the course for learning from customers? (4st)
+ mention another good sign that there is an actual pain within the customer.
- get out of the bulilding
- develop for few, not many
- earlyevangelist critical and are smater than you
4 develop an MVP to maximize fast learning
The more someone has invested time and money to solve a problem they have -> the better they are to talk to
