Kupu Pūtūmua Flashcards
ā
and (when you are adding sentences together)
a
Used before people’s - names, wai, mea and personified objects when they stand as the subject of the sentence and when they follow i, ki, hei and kei.
Used before personal pronouns (except ahau) when they follow i, ki, hei and kei. NB a is pronounced long before koe and ia.
Used before place names and location words when they stand as subject of the sentence.
he
a/some
i
from
Used before verbs and statives to indicate past time.
Combines with nā to form a past tense emphasising who or what did the action.
at, in, on, along, by way of - used before location words to indicate past location.
has, had - used to state who or what had something.
from - used with verbs of motion to indicate movement away from the place following.
Used with verbs that take a direct object or experience verbs not indicating motion to mark the object or goal of the action.
Connects a location word with its related noun or noun phrase.
by, with - used to mark the agent of stative verbs.
while, during.
than, in comparison with - used when comparing things.
because, through, by reason of.
Used in clauses expressing the reason for an action and in ‘why’ questions.
per, each, every.
in case … may, were fortunate, to see whether, if it were not for - used between me and kore to express present or past hypothetical conditions.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 126-127;)
i hea?
from where?
ki
to, into, towards, on to, upon - indicates motion towards something.
ki a au
to me
ki a Janice
to Janice
ki a wai?
to who?
ki hea?
to where?
koa
please - implies entreaty and is used with requests to soften them and to make them more polite.
me
and (when joining or listing objects or noun phrases)
mō
for
ngā
the (plural)
te
the (singular)
whaka-
alters a word
to cause something to happen, cause to be - prefixed to adjectives, statives and verbs that do not take a direct object, including reduplicated forms.
Used with a few verbs of perception that take a direct object, i.e. kite, mōhio, rongo, inu, and ako.
When used as a prefix with a stative the word becomes a verb that takes a direct object and takes a passive ending in passive constructions.
to become a, translate (with names of languages) - prefixed to some nouns to form both verbs that take a direct object and verbs that do not.
towards, in the direction of - when prefixed to location words, especially mauī, matau, katau, mua, muri, raro, roto, runga and waho, and to nouns, in which case they will be preceded by te. With mauī, matau and katau, te may precede the location word or it may be omitted. With these they are sometimes written as three words separated by hyphens, e.g. whaka-te-moana. These words are normally used only as second, qualifying bases in a phrase.
In a few words of some other classes whaka- may also be used, e.g. āe, atu, kāhore and kore.
a particular use of the prefix whaka- with numerals is for fractions, but this use is uncommon in modern Māori. Used this way as a noun or to follow a noun as a modifier (i.e. as an adjective).
o
of, belongs to
E hine, whakapai i te tēpu.
Girl, set the table.
i used this way is linking the person and the action to the thing being actioned.
