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CGP > KS3 Science > Flashcards

KS3 Science Flashcards

1-21= Section 1

1
Q

Microscopes

A

Microscopes are used for looking at objects that are too small to see with the naked eye. The lenses in the microscope magnify object(makes them look bigger) so that you can identify them.

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2
Q

What are the parts of a microscope?

A

Eyepiece lens
Body tube
Rough focusing knob
Fine focusing knob
Handle
High power objective lens
Low power objective lens
Stage
Mirror

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3
Q

The steps

How to use a Microscope?

A
  1. Carry by the handle.
  2. Place it near a lamp or a window, and angle the mirror so the light shines through the hole in the stage.
  3. Stick the object(s) to the slide which is them clipped to the stage.
  4. Select the lowest powered objective lens.
  5. Turn the rough focusing know and move the objective lens down to just above the slide.
  6. Look down at the eyepiece lens and adjust the focus using the fine focusing knob.
  7. Keep adjusting until you get a clear image of whatever’s on the slide.
  8. If you need to see the slide with greater magnification switch to a higher powered objective lens.
  9. Now refocus the microscope.
  10. Repeat steps 5-7
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4
Q

What is another word for a living thing?

A

An organism

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5
Q

What are organisms made up of?

A

All organisms are made up of tiny building block known as cells.

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6
Q

Can cells be seen?

A

Cells can only be seen with a microscope. But you have to stain them with a coloured dye.

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7
Q

What are the parts of an animal cells?

A

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Cell membrane

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8
Q

What does a plant cell have?

A

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplasts

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9
Q

What do only animal cells have?

A

Cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplasts

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10
Q

What do both plant and animal cells have?

A

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Cell membrane

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11
Q

What is a Nucleus?

A

It controls what the cell does.

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12
Q

What is a cytoplasm?

A

This is jelly-like stuff where most chemical reactions happen.

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13
Q

What is a cell membrane?

A

This is a thin skin around the cell- it holds the cell together and also controls what goes in and out of the cell.

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14
Q

What are the mitochondria?

A

These are tiny structures inside the cell where most of the chemical reactions for anaerobic respiration take place. Respiration releases energy for the cell.

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15
Q

What is a cell wall?

A

A rigid outer coating made of cellulose- it gives support to the cell.

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16
Q

What is a Vacuole?

A

This is filled with cell sap- a weak solution of sugar and salts.

17
Q

What are Chloroplasts?

A

This contains chlorophyll used for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis makes food for the plant.

18
Q

What does multicellular mean?

A

It means to be made up of lots of cells. Such as animals and plants.

19
Q

What does unicellular mean?

A

To be made of one cell. These cells have adapted to help them survive in the environment they live in.

20
Q

What is a Euglena?

A

Euglena live in the water. They have a tail-like structure called a flagellum to help them swim.

21
Q

What is an Amoeba?

A

Some amoeba live in the water. They use a contractile vacuole to collect any excess water inside them and squeeze it out at the cell membrane.

22
Q

How are cells organised?

A

In organisms with lots of cells (like animals and plants), the cells are organised into groups.

23
Q

What are the categories of cell grouping?

A

Similar cells make a tissue. Different tissues make an organ. Groups of organs make an organ system. Several organ systems make an organism.

24
Q

What is an example of plant groupings?

A

A Palisade cell makes up a palisade tissue which makes up a leaf which make up the shoot system.

25
Q

How to things move in and out of the cell?

A

Cells need things like glucose(a sugar) and oxygen to survive. They also need to get rid of waste products, like carbon dioxide. These materials all move into or out of cells by a process called diffusion.

26
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Diffusion is where a substance moves from an area of high concentration(where there’s lots of it) to an area of low concentration(where there’s less of it).

27
Q

What is respiration?

A

An important life process.
It happens in every cell of every living organism.

28
Q

What does respiration release?

A

It releases energy from glucose(a sugar).

29
Q

What other chemical reactions is respiration involves in?

A
  • building proteins
  • muscle contraction
  • keeping warm
30
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

Respiration with oxygen. It takes place in the mitochondria of animal and plant cells.

31
Q

What is the chemical reaction for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + Oxygen—Energy—> Carbon dioxide + water

32
Q

What happens in Aerobic respiration?

A

The reactants glucose and oxygen react to produce the products carbon dioxide and water. In this reaction there is lots of energy.

33
Q

What is anerobic respiration?

A

A reaction without oxygen. Anaerobic respiration is less efficient that aerobic respiration usually only happens when cells can’t get enough oxygen.

34
Q

What is produced by anaerobic respiration in humans?

A

Lactic Acid.
Glucose—–Energy—–>lactic acid

35
Q

Where can lactic acid build up?

A

Lactic acid can build up in your muscles during exercise and can be painful.

36
Q

What happens during anaerobic respiration in microorganisms?

A

In microorganisms, like yeast, anaerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide and ethanol(alcohol).

37
Q

What is the formula for anaerobic respiration in microorganisms?

A

Glucose—–Energy—–> Carbon Dioxide + Ethanol

38
Q

What is Fermentation?

A

It is the process where anaerobic respiration produces ethanol. Fermentation produces beer.

CGP (1 decks)

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