KROK 2 DENTISTRY Flashcards
A 30-year-old patient complains of a toothache caused by hot and cold stimuli. The pain irradiates to the ear and temple. Previously this tooth presented with spontaneous nocturnal toothache. Objectively: on the occlusal surface of the 37 tooth there is a deep carious cavity communicating at one point with the tooth cavity. Probing at the communication point, as well as cold stimulus, causes acute pain. The pain persists for a long time. Electric pulp test result is 5 microamperes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Question 1Select one:
A.
Acute diffuse pulpitis
B.
Chronic concrementous pulpitis
C.
Exacerbation of chronic periodontitis
D.
Exacerbation of chronic pulpitis
E.
Acute suppurative pulpitis
D.
Exacerbation of chronic pulpitis
A 59-year-old man complains of painful edema that appeared 5 days ago in the right buccal region, an increase in body temperature to 37.5–38.0°C, and general weakness. Objectively, his face is asymmetrical due to painful swelling in the right parotid region, the skin over which is mildly hyperemic. Thick saliva with a small amount of purulent exudate is being produced from the excretory duct of the salivary gland. Make the provisional diagnosis.
Question 2Answer
a.
Abscess of the right parotid region
b.
Acute purulent parotitis
c.
Chronic interstitial parotitis
d.
Epidemic parotitis
e.
Herzenberg’s pseudoparotitis
B-Acute purulent parotitis
acute bacterial infection of the parotid gland, which is commonly referr
A 13-year-old girl complains of a sharp pain when biting on her tooth 21. The pain developed after an injury. Objectively, the crown of tooth 21 has two fracture lines, the fragments are slightly displaced, blood is oozing from the pulp chamber, percussion is painful. X-ray shows a diagonal fracture of the crown and root of tooth 21. The depth of the subgingival edge of the fracture line is over 4 mm. What should be the dentist’s tactics regarding tooth 21?
Question 3Answer
a.
Replantation
b.
Splinting
c.
Filling
d.
Extraction
e.
Monitoring for the next month
A 13-year-old girl complains of a sharp pain when biting on her tooth 21
a. Replantation: This option involves repositioning and securing the tooth in its socket. However, the depth of the subgingival edge of the fracture line, along with displacement and other complications, makes successful replantation less likely.
b. Splinting: While splinting is a technique used to stabilize teeth, it might not be effective in cases of severe fracture with significant displacement. The prognosis for splinting success depends on the stability of the fractured segments.
c. Filling: Filling is not suitable for a fractured tooth with involvement of the pulp chamber. It does not address the structural damage or provide a solution for stabilization.
e. Monitoring for the next month: Given the severity of the fracture, monitoring without intervention may lead to complications such as infection, pain, or damage to adjacent teeth.
d.
Extraction
The depth of the subgingival edge of the fracture line being over 4 mm, along with the displacement of fragments, suggests a severe and complicated fracture. In such cases, extraction is often the recommended approach, as attempts at replantation may not be successful.
Due to lack of timely specialized treatment a 44-year-old man presents with incorrectly healed displaced mandibular fracture. Objectively the lower jaw narrows sharply, vestibular cusps of the lower teeth contact with oral cusps of the upper teeth. The patient declined surgical treatment. What treatment tactics should be chosen by the dentist in this case?
Question 4Select one:
A.
Make a non-removable dental bridge with movable joint
B.
Make a prosthesis with double dentition
C.
Make a dentogingival laminar denture
D.
Correct the malocclusion by filing down the patient’s teeth
E.
Correct the malocclusion via instrumental surgical method
Due to lack of timely specialized treatment a 44-year-old man presents with incorrectly healed displaced mandibular fracture. Objectively the lower jaw narrows sharply, vestibular cusps of the lower teeth contact with oral cusps of the upper teeth. The patient declined surgical treatment. What treatment tactics should be chosen by the dentist in this case?
Question 4Select one:
A.
Make a non-removable dental bridge with movable joint
B.
Make a prosthesis with double dentition
C.
Make a dentogingival laminar denture
D.
Correct the malocclusion by filing down the patient’s teeth
E.
Correct the malocclusion via instrumental surgical method
B.
Make a prosthesis with double dentition
Creating a prosthesis with d
B. Make a prosthesis with double dentition
Creating a prosthesis with double dentition can help restore function and aesthetics by compensating for the malocclusion resulting from the incorrectly healed fracture. This option aims to provide the patient with a functional and esthetically pleasing solution without the need for surgical correction.
A. Make a non-removable dental bridge with movable joint: Creating a dental bridge may not be the ideal solution for an incorrectly healed displaced mandibular fracture. The movable joint might not effectively address the malocclusion and jaw narrowing.
D. Correct the malocclusion by filing down the patient’s teeth: Filing down the teeth (occlusal adjustment) might be considered, but it may not provide a comprehensive solution for the malocclusion caused by the incorrectly healed fracture. It may also lead to further complications.
E. Correct the malocclusion via instrumental surgical method: The patient has declined surgical treatment, so this option is not feasible based on the patient’s preferences.
Choosing option B, making a prosthesis with double dentition, is a conservative approach that addresses both the functional and aesthetic aspects without the need for surgical intervention, making it a more suitable choice in this specific scenario.
C. Make a dentogingival laminar denture: This option involves creating a denture that not only replaces missing teeth but also incorporates gingival elements for a more natural appearance. While it can address the aesthetic aspect of the malocclusion, it might not provide as much functional improvement as a prosthesis with double dentition.
A 36-year-old man complains of an ulcer on his lower left lip. Three weeks ago a smal round red spot appeared on his lip. Eventually it became more dense and noticeable and 2-3 days ago developed an ulcer in its center, while under the lower jaw appeared multiple painless nodules. Objectively on the mucosa of the lower left lip there is an oval ulcer, 1.2 cm in diameter, with smooth clear margins and bright-red glossy floor. Ulcer edges form a cushion that smoothly descends to the bottom of the ulcer. In the base of the ulcer there is a dense painless infiltration. Submandibular lymph nodes are enlarged and painless, the skin over them remains unchanged. This clinical presentation corresponds with the following disease:
Question 5Select one:
A.
Trophic ulcer
B.
Syphilis (initial period)
C.
Ulcerative cheilitis
D.
Lupus erythematosus
E.
Lip cancer
B.
Syphilis (initial period)
Round red spot evolving into an ulcer: This matches the typical progression of syphilitic lesions.
Painless nodules under the lower jaw (submandibular lymph nodes): Enlarged, painless lymph nodes are characteristic of syphilis.
Ulcer characteristics: Smooth clear margins, bright-red glossy floor, and the cushion-like descent to the bottom are consistent with syphilitic ulcers.
Now, let’s discuss why the other options are less likely:
A. Trophic ulcer: This typically refers to an ulcer resulting from a decrease in nerve supply or blood circulation. The described clinical presentation, along with the associated symptoms, is more suggestive of an infectious process like syphilis.
D. Lupus erythematosus: While lupus can affect the skin and mucous membranes, the specific characteristics of the ulcer and the presence of painless nodules under the jaw are more indicative of syphilis.
E. Lip cancer: Lip cancer could present with an ulcer, but the specific features, including the bright-red glossy floor and the painless nodules, make syphilis a more likely diagnosis in this context.
The department of dentofacial surgery admitted a patient who needs repair of a post-traumatic nose wing defect up to 3,0 cm in diameter. The trauma occured six months ago. What kind of grafting is indicated in this clinical situation?
Question 6Select one:
A.
Free grafting with dermal flap
B.
Grafting with local tissues of nasolabial or cheek regions
The department of dentofacial surgery admitted a patient who needs repair of a post-traumatic nose wing defect up to 3,0 cm in diameter. The trauma occured six months ago. What kind of grafting is indicated in this clinical situation?
Question 6Select one:
A.
Free grafting with dermal flap
B.
Grafting with local tissues of nasolabial or cheek regions
C.
Grafting with chondrocutaneous flap of the auricle
D.
Grafting with tubed pedicle flap (Filatov’s flap)
E.
Grafting with pedicle flap of frontal and buccal regions
D.
Grafting with tubed pedicle flap (Filatov’s flap)
E.
Grafting with pedicle flap of frontal and buccal regions
C.
Grafting with chondrocutaneous flap of the auricle
A 15-year-old girl complains of throbbing pain and a swelling above her upper lip, fever of 38.0°С, and deterioration of her general condition. Two days ago she tried to pop a pimple in this area on her own. Objectively, she has a dense painful infiltration on the skin of her upper lip. The infiltration is rounded, cone-shaped, up to 2.5 cm in diameter. The skin over the infiltration is sharply hyperemic, with a necrotic rod in the center. Make the diagnosis.
Question 7Answer
a.
Hematoma of the upper lip at the stage of suppuration
b.
Atheroma of the upper lip at the stage of suppuration
c.
Carbuncle on the upper lip
d.
Odontogenic abscess of the upper lip
e.
Furuncle with abscess on the upper lip
e.
Furuncle with abscess on the upper lipn
Furuncle on the upper lip (Option e):
The description of a dense, painful infiltration with hyperemic skin, throbbing pain, and a necrotic center is typical of a furuncle.
Furuncles are localized infections of a hair follicle and surrounding tissue, often caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
Why not the other options:
Hematoma of the upper lip at the stage of suppuration (Option a): Hematomas are collections of blood, and the description doesn’t align with the typical progression of a hematoma.
Atheroma of the upper lip at the stage of suppuration (Option b): Atheromas are cystic structures involving sebaceous glands, and they usually don’t present with the described symptoms of hyperemia and necrosis.
Carbuncle on the upper lip (Option c): A carbuncle involves multiple hair follicles and is characterized by interconnected abscesses. The described cone-shaped infiltration is more typical of a furuncle.
Odontogenic abscess of the upper lip (Option d): While dental infections can cause facial swelling, the acute onset, throbbing pain, and skin findings are more indicative of a furuncle.
A 55-year-old woman needs removable implant-retained dentures for both jaws. It is necessary to choose the type, the number and the placement of implants. What additional examination method will be the most efficient in making this decision?
Question 8Select one:
A.
Spot X-ray
B.
Occlusography
C.
Computed tomography
D.
Study of diagnostic models
E.
Ultraviolet densitometry
C.
Computed tomography
A 47-year-old patient presents with rounded bone protrusions 0,7-0,8 cm in size on the inner surface of the edentulous mandible in the premolar area. The denture for this patient should have:
Question 9Select one:
A.
Dentogingival clasps
B.
Elastic liner
C.
Orifices for the exostoses
D.
Kemeny clasps
E.
Metal base
B.
Elastic liner
An elastic liner can help provide a cushioning effect and enhance the denture’s adaptation to the rounded bone protrusions on the inner surface of the edentulous mandible. This option aims to improve comfort and reduce potential irritation caused by the bony irregularities during denture use.
The medical station of a regiment received a patient with signs of bilateral mandibular fracture. What is the main task of first aid in this case?
Question 10Select one:
A.
To provide symptomatic therapy and care
B.
To control shock, bleeding, and asphyxia and to provide transport immobilization
C.
To check and correct previously applied bandages
D.
To clean the oral cavity from blood clots, tooth shards, and bone fragments
E.
To administer analgesics and cardiac medications
B.
To control shock, bleeding, and asphyxia and to provide transport immobilization
A 10,5-year-old child complains of painful rash on his lips. Objectively: the red border of the lips is swollen, hyperemic, covered in fissures and numerous scabs of dried blood. The skin of the upper lip has small blisters containing serous substance, which merge with each other in some places. Maceration and weeping skin also can be observed, especially in the corners of the mouth. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Question 11Select one:
A.
Atopic cheilitis
B.
Exfoliative cheilitis
C.
Actinic cheilitis
D.
Exematous cheilitis
E.
Meteorological cheilitis
D.
Exematous cheilitis
The presence of a painful rash on the lips, swollen and hyperemic red border, fissures, scabs of dried blood, small blisters containing serous substance, and maceration with weeping skin, especially in the corners of the mouth, is consistent with exematous cheilitis. This type of cheilitis is often associated with inflammation and can manifest in children.
User
why not otherss
ChatGPT
Let’s discuss why the other options may not be the most likely diagnosis:
A. Atopic cheilitis: Atopic cheilitis is associated with conditions like eczema and is characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed lips. While some symptoms overlap, the presence of blisters containing serous substance and the description of weeping skin are more indicative of exematous cheilitis.
B. Exfoliative cheilitis: Exfoliative cheilitis typically presents with continuous peeling of the lips. The presence of blisters, dried blood, and weeping skin doesn’t align with the primary characteristics of exfoliative cheilitis.
C. Actinic cheilitis: Actinic cheilitis is often related to sun damage and presents with dry, scaly, or thickened lips. It is less likely given the description of small blisters, weeping skin, and the age of the patient.
E. Meteorological cheilitis: Meteorological cheilitis refers to lip dryness and cracking due to weather conditions. However, the presence of blisters, weeping skin, and scabs suggests a more inflammatory condition like exematous cheilitis
A 27-year-old woman complains of painful and bleeding gums, with the signs aggravating during eating, and indisposition. One week ago she had a case of URTI. Within the last 5 years she periodicaly presents with gingival hemorrhages. Objectively: the gums are bright red, markedly swollen; gingival papillae are friable, bleed on the slightest touch. There is moderate accumulation of dental calculus, large amount of soft dental deposit. Submaxillary lymph nodes are enlarged, painful on palpation. On X-ray: osteoporosis of alveolar septa is observed. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Question 12Select one:
A.
Exacerbation of chronic catarrhal gingivitis
B.
Acute catarrhal gingivitis
C.
Exacerbation of initial generalized periodontitis
D.
Hypertrophic gingivitis, edematous form
E.
Hypertrophic gingivitis, fibrous form
A.
Exacerbation of chronic catarrhal gingivitis
A 17-year-old patient has been suffering for 2 years from periodical painful swelling and fistula appearing on the skin of gonial angle area. After cleaning the fistula of its purulent content pain and swelling disappear leaving a small concave scar. Objectively: there is a small scar on the skin in the gonial angle area. Palpation of the oral cavity floor reveals a dense band in the buccal soft tissues, which connects fistula with projection of the 47 tooth roots. Crown of the 47 is destroyed. What diagnosis is most likely?
Question 13Select one:
A.
Chronic osteomyelitis of the left mandibular angle
B.
Mandibular tuberculosis
C.
Actinomycosis of the parotid-masticatory area
D.
Festered buccal atheroma
E.
Migrating subcutaneous granuloma
Feedback
E-Migrating subcutaneous granuloma
Feedback
A 64-year-old patient complains of spots on the mucosa of the cheeks, mouth angles, palate. Objectively: on the oral cavity mucosa there are white growths that cannot be removed with spatula. The mucosa around the spots is pale pink in color. The patient has been smoking for 40 years. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Question 14Select one:
A.
Candidiasis
B.
Bowen’s disease
C.
Leukoplakia
D.
Lupus erythematosus
E.
Lichen ruber planus
C.
Leukoplakia
The most likely diagnosis based on the described symptoms is:
C. Leukoplakia
The presence of white growths on the oral cavity mucosa that cannot be removed with a spatula, along with a history of smoking, is indicative of leukoplakia. Leukoplakia is a potentially precancerous condition associated with tobacco use.
It’s crucial for the patient to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough examination and appropriate management, as leukoplakia may require further evaluation and monitoring due to its potential link to oral cancer.
User
why not other
ChatGPT
Let’s discuss why the other options are less likely based on the presented symptoms:
A. Candidiasis: Candidiasis often presents as white patches that can be scraped off, which is not the case here. Additionally, the patient’s long-term smoking history is more suggestive of leukoplakia.
B. Bowen’s disease: Bowen’s disease typically presents as a precancerous skin lesion, and its occurrence in the oral mucosa is uncommon. The described symptoms are not typical for Bowen’s disease.
D. Lupus erythematosus: Lupus erythematosus primarily affects the skin and can involve the oral mucosa, but the described white growths are not typical for this condition.
E. Lichen ruber planus: Lichen planus usually presents with lacy white lines (Wickham’s striae) and may involve the oral mucosa. However, the description of white growths that cannot be removed with a spatula is more indicative of leukoplakia.
A 44-year-old man complains of indisposition, fever of 38°С, and a swelling under the lower jaw on the left. The patient’s history states that throughout the last week he felt pain in the area of his tooth 36. Objectively, in the left submandibular area there is an enlarged painful nodule. The skin above the nodule is hyperemic, strained, and cannot be pinched. Tooth 36 is partially destroyed in the oral cavity. What diagnosis can be made in this case?
Question 15Answer
a.
Abscess of the submandibular region
b.
Acute serous lymphadenitis
c.
Acute purulent lymphadenitis
d.
Furuncle
e.
Chronic lymphadenitis
c.
Acute purulent lymphadenitis
The presence of an enlarged, painful nodule in the left submandibular area, along with hyperemic and strained skin, is indicative of acute inflammation and infection of the lymph nodes (lymphadenitis). The history of tooth pain and partial destruction of tooth 36 suggests a possible source of infection leading to purulent lymphadenitis.
A 22-year-old student complains of gingival hemorrhage during tooth brushing. Objectively: hyperemia and edema of marginal gingiva of the front teeth on both jaws, periodontal pockets are absent. X-ray reveals no pathological changes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Question 16Select one:
A.
Chronic catarrhal gingivitis
B.
Generalized periodontitis
C.
Hypertrophic gingivitis
D.
Localized periodontitis
E.
Ulcerative gingivitis
A.
Chronic catarrhal gingivitis
A patient complains of burning in the area of the hard palate mucosa when using a partial removable laminar denture made one week ago. The following diagnosis has been made: allergic contact stomatitis. Determine the treatment tactics, if it is known that there are no conditions for making an arch denture and the patient is using a removable denture for the first time.
Question 17Answer
a.
Make a new removable denture with a metal base
b.
Boil the previously made denture in distilled water for 10 minutes
c.
Make a new denture, adding a smaller amount of monomer to the plastic dough
d.
Make a new denture, adding a smaller amount of polymer to the plastic dough
e.
Apply the previously made denture again with frequent rinsing with water and taking hyposensitizing agents
a.
Make a new removable denture with a metal base
This involves changing the material of the denture to one that the patient is not allergic to. Using a metal base can be a suitable alternative that reduces the risk of an allergic reaction. Additionally, ensuring proper fit and comfort is essential during the fabrication of the new denture.
One hour ago a patient received a blunt object trauma to the middle area of his face. X-ray revealed a fracture line in the bone tissue that passes through the nasal root, medial wall of the eyesocket, pterygoid processes of the sphenoid bone, and zygomatic arch. Make the diagnosis:
Question 18Select one:
A.
Le Fort II maxillary fracture
B.
Nasal and zygomatic bone fracture
C.
Le Fort III maxillary fracture
D.
Zygomatic bone fracture
E.
Le Fort I maxillary fracture
C
Le Fort III maxillary fracture
Considering the involvement of multiple structures, including the nasal root, medial wall of the eye socket, pterygoid processes of the sphenoid bone, and zygomatic arch, the most appropriate diagnosis is Le Fort III maxillary fracture. This type of fracture typically results from severe trauma to the midface and is characterized by extensive separation of the facial bones from the cranial base.
The other options are less suitable for this specific pattern of fractures:
Le Fort II maxillary fracture (Option A): Typically involves the nasal bone, maxilla, and infraorbital rim but not the pterygoid processes or the zygomatic arch.
Nasal and zygomatic bone fracture (Option B): This description doesn’t encompass the involvement of the pterygoid processes or the medial wall of the eye socket.
Zygomatic bone fracture (Option D): This wouldn’t account for the fractures through the nasal root, medial wall of the eye socket, or pterygoid processes.
Le Fort I maxillary fracture (Option E): Usually involves the maxilla but not to the extent described, including the fractures through the pterygoid processes and the zygomatic arch.
In summary, the combination of fractures described aligns most closely with Le Fort III maxillary fracture.
A 25-year-old HIV-infected patient came to a clinic of prosthetic dentistry to have a denture made for him. What aseptic and antiseptic precautions should be taken?
Question 19Select one:
A.
The orthopaedist should work in gloves and a mask
B.
The impressions should be desinfected under a quartz lamp
C.
No special precautions are required
D.
According to the scheme
E.
The patient should be refused appointment
D.
According to the scheme
A patient with post-resection upper jaw defect that invades the nasal cavity has come to a prosthodontic clinic. What denture is recommended in the given case?
Question 20Select one:
A.
Forming denture
B.
Floating obturator
C.
Replacement denture
D.
Mouthguard
E.
Replacement denture with obturating element
E.
Replacement denture with obturating element
A 28-year-old man came to a dentist with complaints of pain in his lower left tooth. The pain is provoked by sweet foods and stops immediately after the stimulus is removed. Objectively, the distal surface of tooth 34 has a deep carious cavity filled with soft pigmented dentin. Probing the of the cavity floor is painful. No communication can be detected between the cavity and the pulp chamber. Thermal stimulation results are positive, short-term. What diagnosis can be made in this case?
Question 21Answer
a.
Chronic fibrous periodontitis
b.
Acute deep caries
c.
Chronic gangrenous pulpitis
d.
Chronic deep caries
e.
Acute limited pulpitis
b.
Acute deep caries
A 26-year-old woman, who works with chemicals at a factory, came to a dentist with complaints of teeth discoloration and sharp sensitivity to cold, sour, and sweet in her front upper teeth. Objectively, on the vestibular surface of teeth 13, 12, 11, 21, 22, 23 at the level of the equator, there are white patches that spread to the cutting edges. During probing, the enamel in the affected area is rough and fragile. Vital staining is positive. Make the clinical diagnosis.
Question 22Answer
a.
Systemic enamel hypoplasia
b.
Erosion of dental hard tissues
c.
Acute initial caries
d.
Necrosis of dental hard tissues
e.
Dental hyperesthesia
d.
Necrosis of dental hard tissues
A 22-year-old patient came to a dentist with complaints of sharp pain in the oral cavity during eating and talking, increased salivation. The patient notes the acute onset of the disease after an overexposure to cold, high fever (39.5°C), general weakness, and headache. The patient has a history of chronic tonsillitis and allergy to some medicines. During examination, the following is observed: on the hyperemic and edematous mucosa of the lips and cheeks, there are numerous painful erosions covered with fibrinous coating; vermilion border of the lips is edematous and has blood scabs. The skin is pale, there are bluish-pink rashes with hemorrhagic scabs on the backs of the patient’s hands. Regional lymph nodes are enlarged, painful, and mobile. Make the provisional diagnosis.
Question 23Answer
a.
Acute herpetic stomatitis
b.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
c.
Drug-induced stomatitis
d.
Erythema multiforme exudativum
e.
Acantholytic pemphigus
D
Erythema multiforme exudativum
A dental orthodontist has diagnosed an 11-year-old child with microdontia of the upper incisors. What diagnostic method was used in this case?
Question 24Answer
a.
Korkhauz
b.
Howes
c.
Pont
d.
Gerlach
e.
Tonn
e.
Tonn
When pressing plastic dough, the dental technician opened and closed the cuvette several times to control the amount of the added mass. What can develop as a result of such actions?
Question 25Answer
a.
Gas porosity
b.
Porosity caused by compression
c.
Cracks in plastic
d.
Residual stresses within the denture
e.
Granular porosity
e.
Granular porosity
A 24-year-old man was for the first time diagnosed with sialolithiasis with salivary stone localization in the duct of the submandibular salivary gland. What would be the optimal treatment tactics in this case?
Question 26Answer
a.
Anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy
b.
Marsupialization surgery
c.
Sialolith removal
d.
Removal of the submandibular gland
e.
Lithotripsy
c.
Sialolith removal
A 50-year-old man was diagnosed with sialolithiasis with the salivary gland stone located deep within the salivary gland. Choose the optimal treatment tactics:
Question 27Select one:
A.
Sclerotherapy
B.
Radiation therapy
C.
Conservative pharmacotherapy
D.
Submandibular gland excision
E.
Removal of the sialolith while retaining the gland
D.
Submandibular gland excision
When the stone is deep within the salivary gland and causing recurrent or severe symptoms, surgical intervention such as submandibular gland excision may be necessary to address the condition effectively. This procedure involves the removal of the affected salivary gland.
A 35-year-old woman has complaints of cosmetic defects of the front upper teeth crowns. The defects have been aggravating for the last 10 years. The patient suffers from unpleasant sensations when brushing her teeth, and when chemical stimuli are applied. Objective examination revealed defects localized in the enamel of the front upper teeth vestibular surface. The defects are oval, saucer-shaped, and have clear margins. Response to probing and cold stimuli was positive. Make the diagnosis:
Question 28Select one:
A.
Cuneiform defect
B.
Hyperesthesia of tooth hard tissues
C.
Chemical necrosis of the tooth
D.
Enamel hypoplasia
E.
Enamel erosion
E.
Enamel erosion
Before performing a surgery a dental surgeon treats his hands according to Spasokukotsky-Kochergin method. What antiseptic is basic in this kind of treatment and how is it applied?
Question 29Select one:
A.
0,5% liquid ammonia solution in two washbasins, 3-5 minutes in each
B.
Two tissues with 96% ethanol, 5 minutes each
C.
Tissue with 98% ethanol, 5 minutes
D.
Two tissues with 5% liquid ammonia solution, 5 minutes each
E.
Tissue with 0,5% chlorhexidine digluconate, 5 minutes
A.
0,5% liquid ammonia solution in two washbasins, 3-5 minutes in each
A 25-year-old man was diagnosed with acute deep caries of tooth 13, Black class V. Photopolymer composite material is planned to be used for aesthetical restoration of tooth 13. What material should be used as a lining for the floor of the carious cavity in this case?
Question 30Select one:
A.
Calcium-containing paste
B.
Resorcin-formalin paste
C.
Dentin paste
D.
Iodoform paste
E.
Devitalizing paste
A.
Calcium-containing paste
Calcium-containing paste is often used as a liner in restorative dentistry to promote dentin remineralization and protect the pulp. It aids in the formation of tertiary dentin and acts as a protective barrier between the dental pulp and restorative materials.
An 11-year-old boy complains of a carious cavity in the mandibular tooth on the right. Objectively: the 46 tooth exhibits a carious cavity within the mantle dentin. The dentin is dense, pigmented; there is pain response to the cold stimulus; probing and percussion cause no pain response. Make the provisional diagnosis:
Question 31Select one:
A.
Acute deep caries
B.
Chronic deep caries
C.
Chronic median caries
D.
Acute median caries
E.
Chronic superficial caries
C.
Chronic median caries
During an appointment with the dentist, a 42-year-old man developed anaphylactic shock after he was given an analgesic. What emergency first-line drug should be administered in this case?
Question 32Select one:
A.
Oxygen
B.
Antihistamine
C.
Inhaled short acting beta-2-agonist
D.
Glucocorticosteroid
E.
Adrenaline (epinephrine)
E.
Adrenaline (epinephrine)
A 45-year-old man complains of pain and crepitation in the temporomandibular joint during the movements of the lower jaw. Objectively: the face is symmetrical, the mouth opens with slight displacement to the left. Dentition is intact. To clarify the diagnosis, X-ray of the temporomandibular joint was performed. Where should the heads of the mandible be located normally during maximum mouth opening?
Question 33Select one:
A.
In the center of the articular tubercle
B.
At the top of the articular tubercle
C.
In the center of the glenoid fossa
D.
Closer to the distal part of the glenoid fossa
E.
In front of the articular tubercle
B.
At the top of the articular tubercle
A 42-year-old man was delivered to the hospital in the severe condition: inert, body temperature is 39.1°C, there is acutely painful infiltration of the mouth floor and submandibular area on the right. The skin over the infiltration is turgid and cyanotic. Palpation detects crepitus under the skin. What diagnosis can be made in this case?
Question 34Select one:
A.
Ludwig’s angina (suppurative-necrotic phlegmon of the mouth floor)
B.
Odontogenic phlegmon of the mouth floor
C.
Actinomycosis of the mouth floor
D.
Malignant tumor of the mouth floor
E.
Adenophlegmon of the mouth floor
A.
Ludwig’s angina (suppurative-necrotic phlegmon of the mouth floor)
Ludwig’s angina is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by a rapidly spreading cellulitis involving the submandibular, sublingual, and submental spaces. The condition often results in swelling, pain, and crepitus in the mouth floor and submandibular area. The turgid and cyanotic skin over the infiltration, along with systemic symptoms like fever, are consistent with Ludwig’s angina. It requires prompt medical attention and intervention due to the risk of airway compromise.
A 7-year-old child is sick for 3 days already. The child has fever of 38°С, weakness, and facial asymmetry due to edema of the upper lip and left infraorbital area. The skin color is unchanged. The mucogingival junction in the projection of the roots of teeth 63 and 64 is smoothed-out and hyperemic. Palpation detects a positive sign of fluctuation. Tooth 63 is partially destroyed, mobile, its percussion is slightly painful. Make the provisional diagnosis.
Question 35Answer
a.
Acute odontogenic osteomyelitis of the upper jaw on the left
b.
Acute serous periodontitis of tooth 63
c.
Acute purulent odontogenic periostitis of the upper jaw on the left
d.
Acute purulent odontogenic lymphadenitis
e.
Phlegmon of the infraorbital space on the left
c.
Acute purulent odontogenic periostitis of the upper jaw on the left
Odontogenic periostitis refers to inflammation of the periosteum, which is the dense connective tissue covering the outer surface of bones. In the context of dental pathology, odontogenic periostitis commonly arises from infections originating in the teeth or adjacent structures. The inflammation can spread to involve the periosteum, leading to clinical signs such as facial swelling, hyperemia, and tenderness.
In the case described with the 7-year-old child, acute purulent odontogenic periostitis is suspected due to the presentation of facial asymmetry, edema of the upper lip and left infraorbital area, hyperemia, and dental symptoms such as a partially destroyed and mobile tooth with a positive fluctuation sign. This condition typically requires prompt dental and medical intervention to address the underlying infection and prevent further complications.
If you have any more questions or if there’s anything else I can help you with, feel free to let me know!
A 2.5-year-old child is registered for regular check-ups with the orthodontist. The I stage of physiogical occlusion development corresponds with eruption of the following group of temporary teeth:
Question 36Select one:
A.
Temporary lateral incisors
B.
Temporary canines
C.
Front teeth
D.
Temporary molars
E.
Temporary central incisors
D.
Temporary molars
A 68-year-old patient addressed a surgical department of a dental clinic for extraction of the 45 tooth. During procedure the patient developed burning retrosternal pain attack irradiating to the left shoulder, scapula, hand. The skin is pale, BP is 140/100 mm Hg, heart rate is rapid. Skin hyperplasia can be observed in the Zakharin-Head’s zones. What emergency condition did the patient develop?
Question 37Select one:
A.
Bronchial asthma attack
C.
Heart failure
D.
Angina pectoris attack
E.
Hypertensic crisis
D.
Angina pectoris attack
A 25-year-old man came to a dentist with complaints of a cavity in his left lower tooth and pain during eating sweet, sour, and solid foods. Objectively, tooth 36 has a deep carious cavity filled with light-colored softened dentin. Probing of the cavity floor is painful, a cold stimulus provokes pain response that stops immediately after the stimulus is removed. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
Question 38Answer
a.
Chronic deep caries
b.
Acute deep caries
c.
Acute focal pulpitis
d.
Acute median caries
e.
Chronic fibrous pulpitis
b.
Acute deep caries
he parents of an 8-year-old girl came to a dental orthodontist complaining of an aesthetic defect in their child. Objectively, the lower part of the face is shortened, the chin is pushed forward, the upper lip sinks. When teeth are closed, reverse deep incisal overlap is revealed. Mesioocclusion is observed laterally. Select the appliance for the treatment.
Question 39Answer
a.
Osadchy appliance
b.
Frankel functional regulator, type 1
c.
Frankel functional regulator, type 3
d.
Andresen-Haupl activator
e.
Frankel functional regulator, type 2
c.
Frankel functional regulator, type 3
A 32-year-old man has been hospitalized into the maxillofacial department of a clinic. The following diagnosis has been made: an open displaced bilateral fracture of the lower jaw in the area of the gonial angle. X-ray shows a large diastasis between the fragments and muscle interposition. What main treatment technique should be chosen for this patient?
Question 40Answer
a.
Make a Vankevich splint for the fixation of the lower jaw
b.
Perform bilateral osteosynthesis of the lower jaw
c.
Make a Port splint for the fixation of the lower jaw
d.
ply a splint with loops for the lower jaw
e.
Apply a smooth splint-bracket
b.
Perform bilateral osteosynthesis of the lower jaw
Bilateral osteosynthesis involves surgically realigning the fractured fragments and securing them in place with fixation devices such as plates and screws. This approach is commonly used for displaced fractures to ensure proper alignment and stability during the healing process.
If you have any more questions or need further clarification, feel free to ask!
A group of experts conducts epidemiologic investigation of certain age groups by severity of signs of periodontal damage and their need for treatment. What index allows to study these criteria?
Question 41Select one:
A.
PІ (Russel)
B.
PDІ (Ramfjord)
C.
PMA (Parma)
D.
CPITN (WHO)
E.
OHІ-S (Green-Vermillion)
D.
CPITN (WHO)
A 21-year-old woman after a domestic accident presents with a fracture of the maxillary alveolar process in the area of teeth 13, 12, 11, 21, 22, and 23. What splint should be used for this fracture?
Question 42Select one:
A.
Smooth dental brace
B.
With retention loops
C.
With supporting plane
D.
With inclined plane
E.
With spreader arch
A.
Smooth dental brace
A 24-year-old woman is at the III trimester of her pregnancy. She complains of white spots appearing on her lower front teeth. Examination detects chalk-like lesions on the vestibular surfaces of teeth 41, 42, 31, 32 in the precervical area. The lesions can be stained with dyes. Choose the treatment tactics:
Question 43Select one:
A.
Preparation and filling
B.
Preparation without filling
C.
ART-technique
D.
Remineralization therapy
E.
Impregnation with silver nitrate
D.
Remineralization therapy
An 18-year-old student needs prosthetic porcelain-fused-to-metal denture for the 11, 21 teeth. There are no contraindications for the use of such construction. What is the most appropriate material for taking impressions?
Question 44Select one:
A.
Sielast
B.
Stomalgin
C.
Repin
D.
Orthocor
E.
Stens
A.
Sielast
Sielast is a commonly used elastomeric impression material in dentistry. It provides good detail reproduction and is suitable for various prosthetic applications, including the fabrication of porcelain-fused-to-metal dentures.
The maxillofacial surgery unit received a patient with complaints of inability to close his mouth. This condition occurred when the patient was biting an apple. Objectively there is a frightened expression on the patient’s face, the mouth is open wide, the chin is displaced to the left, salivation is observed. Palpation through the external acoustic meatus detected no movements of the right articular head. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Question 45Select one:
A.
Temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction syndrome
B.
Right temporomandibular joint dislocation
C.
Acute temporomandibular arthritis
D.
Fracture of the mandibular process
E.
Bilateral temporomandibular joint dislocation
B.
Right temporomandibular joint dislocation
A 47-year-old woman complains of an itching sensation in her gums and increased teeth sensitivity to thermal stimuli. Objectively, the roots of most of her teeth are exposed to 1/3 of their length, the gums are pale pink, no periodontal pockets. X-ray shows osteosclerosis of the alveolar process bone tissue, disturbed intactness of the lamina dura on the apices of the interdental septa. The patient was diagnosed with initial periodontosis. What should be prescribed in this case for local treatment of the systemic dental hyperesthesia?
Question 46Select one:
A.
Desensitizers
B.
Keratoplastics
C.
Keratolytics
D.
Anesthetics
E.
Antiseptics
A.
Desensitizers
A 16-year-old girl suffers from enlarged gums. Objectively: gingival margin of the vestibular surface of the gums is diffusely thickened, dense, pale pink in color. Gingival papilla cover crowns of all the teeth up to 1/2 of their height, hemorrhage is absent. X-ray reveals no pathological changes of periodontal tissues. Make the diagnosis:
Question 47Select one:
A.
Gingival fibromatosis
B.
Chronic catarrhal gingivitis
C.
Exacerbation of catarrhal gingivitis
D.
Chronic hypertrophic gingivitis
E.
Acute catarrhal gingivitis
D.
Chronic hypertrophic gingivitis
A 30-year-old woman addressed a dental surgeon with complaints of uncomfortable sensation of pressure in her upper right tooth, which aggravates due to hot stimulus, and foul smell from the mouth. Objectively: there is a deep carious cavity in the 17 tooth, which penetrates into the tooth cavity. Deep probing causes severe pain, percussion of the 17 tooth is painful. X-ray: there is slight widening of the periodontal fissure near the root apex. Electric pulp test - 70 microamperes. What final diagnosis can be made?
Question 48Select one:
A.
Chronic fibrous periodontitis
B.
Exacerbation of chronic fibrous periodontitis
C.
Acute purulent pulpitis
D.
Chronic fibrous pulpitis
E.
Chronic gangrenous pulpitis
E.
Chronic gangrenous pulpitis
An 11-year-old child presents with protrusion **of the upper front teeth, there are tremata and diastema between the child’s teeth. What apparatus can be used for treatment of this pathology?
Question 49Select one:
A.
Frankel, type 3
B.
Mershon
C.
Vasylenko
D.
Osadchy
E.
Brukle
D.
Osadchy
A 28-year-old man came to the maxillofacial surgery department. He complains of a cutaneous neoplasm in his right submandibular region. The neoplasm appeared approximately 2 years ago. In the process of shaving, the neoplasm was frequently injured. He was diagnosed with papilloma. In the neoplastic area, examination shows an ulcer against the background of hyperemic skin. What tactics should the dental surgeon choose?
Question 50Select one:
A.
Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy, observation
B.
Removal of the papilloma and postoperative radiation therapy
C.
Anti-inflammatory therapy followed by removal of the papilloma
D.
Anti-inflammatory therapy followed by observation
E.
Prevention of malignant transformation of the papilloma. Removal of the papilloma
E.
Prevention of malignant transformation of the papilloma. Removal of the papilloma
A 21-year-old woman complains of short-term pain attacks in her lower left tooth that are provoked by thermal stimuli and quickly stop after the stimulus is removed. On the masticatory surface of tooth 47, examination reveals a carious cavity with a narrow entrance that is filled with light softened dentin. Probing of the cavity floor and percussion of tooth 47 are painless. Probing of the cavity walls is painful. What diagnosis can be made in this case?
Question 51Answer
a.
Chronic median caries
b.
Acute median caries
c.
Acute deep caries
d.
Chronic deep caries
e.
Chronic superficial caries
b.
Acute median caries
A child is 8 years old. There are complaints of overcrowded upper incisors. Objectively: the first molars closure is of Angle’s I class, frontal overbite is orthognathic. The 12 and 22 teeth erupt palatinally with space deficiency of 2/3 of the tooth crown. The 11 and 21 teeth are 10 mm each in cross-section. The child has inherited father’s facial type with prognathism and macrodontia of the central incisors. Choose the preventive treatment, considering this hereditary pathology:
Question 52Select one:
A.
Hotz serial extraction to reduce the dental arch
B.
Jaw expansion to provide the space for the 12 and 21 teeth
C.
Extraction of the 12 and 21 teeth to reduce the dental arch
D.
Massage of the 12 and 21 teeth area to stimulate their eruption
E.
Filing down of the 11 and 21 approximal surfaces to provide the space for the 12 and 22 teeth
A.
Hotz serial extraction to reduce the dental arch
Hotz serial extraction involves the strategic removal of deciduous teeth to guide the eruption of permanent teeth, helping to manage crowding and align the dental arch. This approach is particularly beneficial when there’s a potential for space deficiency and inherited traits affecting tooth size and alignment.
A 32-year-old patient addressed a dentist with complaints of inability to close his mouth. Objectively the mouth is half-open, the chin is protruding forwards and is displaced to the left. Such condition occurred after the mouth was opened wide. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Question 53Select one:
A.
Anterior right-sided mandibular dislocation
B.
Anterior left-sided mandibular dislocation
C.
Anterior bilateral mandibular dislocation
D.
Posterior left-sided mandibular dislocation
E.
Posterior right-sided mandibular dislocation
A.
Anterior right-sided mandibular dislocation
During a visit to a dental orthopedist, a patient underwent fitting of the metal frame for the porcelain-fused-to-metal dental bridge. What is the next clinical stage of denture-making in this case?
Question 54Answer
a.
Glazing
b.
Fixation of the porcelain-fused-to-metal dental bridge
c.
Determining the central ratio of the jaws
d.
Obtaining working and auxiliary casts
e.
Checking the design of the porcelain-fused-to-metal dental bridge
hecking the design of the porcelain-fused-to-metal dental bridge
An 18-year-old girl came to a dentist to check the quality of fissure sealing that had been performed one year ago. Objectively: the sealant is completely retained in the 17, 16, 26, 27, 37, and 47. No sealant was detected in the 36 and 46, in the distal longitudinal fissures of these teeth there is softened enamel. Fedorov-Volodkina Hygiene Index is 2,5. What tactics regarding the 36 and 46 should the dentist choose in this case?
Question 55Select one:
A.
Preventive filling
B.
Electrophoresis of calcium-containing solution
C.
Repeated noninvasive sealing
D.
Applications with fluorine-containing gel
E.
Invasive sealing
A.
Preventive filling
Performing a preventive filling is indicated when there is evidence of softened enamel, indicating the need for intervention to prevent further decay and maintain the integrity of the tooth.
A 63-year-old man complains of pain in the area of maxillary mucogingival fold caused by using a removable laminar denture. Objectively, in the area of the mucogingival fold there is a trophic ulcer with swollen margins and hemorrhaging floor. Make the diagnosis:
Question 56Select one:
A.
Denture-related stomatitis
B.
Toxic infectious stomatitis
C.
Toxic chemical stomatitis
D.
Greenhouse effect
E.
Allergic contact stomatitis
A.
Denture-related stomatitis
During application of infraorbital anaesthesia the patient developed a postinjection hematoma. What vessel had been damaged?
Question 57Select one:
A.
Maxillary artery
B.
Infraorbital artery
C.
Temporal artery
D.
Pterygoid venous plexus
E.
Palatine artery
B.
Infraorbital artery
A 42-year-old patient has been hospitalized with Le Fort II fracture of maxilla. Select an appliance for the treatment of this patient:
Question 58Select one:
A.
Penn-Brown
B.
Rudko
C.
Yadrova
D.
Kulagin
E.
Zbarzh
E.
Zbarzh
A 25-year-old woman made an appointment with the dental surgeon for oral cavity sanation. Objectively the crown of tooth 37 is destroyed by 2/3. Gingival mucosa around tooth 37 is without changes. What anesthesia should the dental surgeon give to the patient for the procedure of tooth extraction?
Question 59Select one:
A.
Mental nerve block
B.
Mandibular anesthesia
C.
Mandibular and buccal anesthesia
D.
Tuberal anesthesia
E.
Intraoral infraorbital nerve block
C.
Mandibular and buccal anesthesia
A man was diagnosed with hard palate abscess. What approach should be chosen for abscess dissection?
Question 60Select one:
A.
Pus aspiration with a syringe
B.
Triangular dissection of the hard palate area
C.
Linear dissection parallel to the hard palate raphe
D.
Abscess puncture
E.
Linear dissection perpendicular to the hard palate raphe
B.
Triangular dissection of the hard palate area
