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Respiratory Biochemistry > Krebs Cycle > Flashcards

Krebs Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

GR: the naming of TCA cycle.

A

Due to involvement of tricarboxylates (citrate & isocitrate)

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2
Q

The percentage of energy of TCA cycle

A

Two thirds

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3
Q

The final products of TCA cycle

A

3 NADH, 1 FADH2 , 1 GTP

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4
Q

Mention the reactants & products of citrate synthase reaction

A

R: acetyl CoA, oxaloacetate
P: citrate

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5
Q

Mention the type of reaction of isocitrate dehydragenase & its products

A

Oxudation & decarboxylation

Alpha-ketoglutarate, CO2, NADH

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6
Q

The action of aconitase

A

Citrate to isocitrate

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7
Q

Mention the components of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

A

3 enzymes: ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase.
3 coenzymes: TPP, CoASH, NAD, FAD, lipoic acid.

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8
Q

Mention the products of alpha-ketoglutarate enzyme complex

A

CO2, NADH, succinyl CoA

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9
Q

Alpha-ketoglutarate is inhibited by

A

Arsenite

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10
Q

The only enzyme in TCA which uses substrate level phosphorylation

A

Succinate thiokinase

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11
Q

Mention the products of succinate dehydrogenase reaction

A

Fumarate & FADH2

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12
Q

Succinate dehydrogeanse is inhibited by

A

Maolnate

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13
Q

Mention the R & P of fumarase

A

Fumarate, malate

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14
Q

Mention the products of malate dehydrogenase reaction

A

Oxaloacetate & NADH

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15
Q

Describe the energy yield of complete oxidation of glucose

A
  1. 6-8 from aerobic glycolysis
  2. 6 ATP from oxidative decarboxykation of 2 pyruvates
  3. 24 from Krebs cycle
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16
Q

Mention vitamins required for TCA cycle

A

Niacin, riboflavin, thiamin, pantothenic acid

17
Q

Mention factors of coarse control of TCA cycle

A

Oxygen

Concentration of ADP

18
Q

Mention enzymes activated by Ca++

A

Citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydroagenase

19
Q

The dehydrogenases of TCA cycle are activated by

A

High ADP/ATP, Hight NAD/NADH

20
Q

Citrate synthase is allosterically inhibted by

A

ATP, long chain fatty acyl CoA & citrate

21
Q

Mention anabolic reaction involving TCA

A

Heme synthesis, fatty acid synthesis, gluconeogenesis, transamination.

22
Q

Mention role of TCA in lipogenesis

A

High carbohydrate meal leads to citrate efflux and cleavage into acetyl units for cytosolic fatty acid synthesis

23
Q

Role of TCA in fasting

A

Gluconeogenic precursors are converted to malate which leaves the mitochondria for cytosolic part of gluconeogenesis.

24
Q

Mention role of TCA in AA syntehsis

A

Alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to glutamate

Oxaliacetate is converted to aspartate

25
Q

Tye only enzyme of TCA found in inner mitochondrial membrane

A

Succinate dehydrogenase

26
Q

Define anapkerotic reactions

A

Pathways or reactions that replenish intermediates of the TCA cycle.

27
Q

Mention an example of anaplerotic enzyne & its action

A

Pyruvate carboxylase

Adds CO2 to pyruvate forming oxaloacetate

28
Q

Coenzymes/factors of pyruvate carboxylase are ……., it is activated by …… .

A

Biotin & ATP

Acetyl CoA

29
Q

Mention the molecular bases of cystic fibrosis

A

Deletion of codon of phenylalanine in the gene of CFTR protein

30
Q

The action of CFTR & result of its loss

A

Chloride channel

Production of thick, sticky secretions in the lung & pancreas

31
Q

C/P of cystic fibrosis

A

It affects the lungs where thick mucus builds up causing repeated chest infections and breathing difficulties and the pancreas where blockages cause digestive problems

32
Q

Alpha1-antitrypsin is synthesized by

A

Liver, alveolar monocytes & macrophages

33
Q

Describe the pathogenesis & C/P of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency

A

Its configuration is altered leading to prevention of its release from hepatocytes so serum levels are decreased leading to loss of protection against proteases such as neutrophils elastase.
This leads to destruction of alveolar walls & causes emphysema.

34
Q

Mention the effects of smoking on alpha1-antitrypsin

A

Causes oxidation & subsequent inactivation of methionine in alpha1-antitrypsin (Methionine 358 in alpha1-antitrypsin is required for binding of alpha1-antitrypsin to its target elastase).

Respiratory Biochemistry (3 decks)

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