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Biochemistry > Krebs And Glycolysis > Flashcards

Krebs And Glycolysis Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the ff is not a function of TCA?

A. Trans/deamination of aa
B. Lipogenesis
C. Lipolysis
D. Gluconeogenesis

A

C.

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2
Q

What is the rate limiting enzyme in the citric acid cycle?

A. Isocitrate dehydrogenase
B. Aconitase
C. Succinate thiokinase
D. Fumarase

A

A.

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3
Q

TCA is most common in what organ?

A. Pancreas
B. Kidney
C. Liver
D. Spleen

A

C.

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4
Q

TCA enzyme found in the inner mitochondrial membrane

A. Isocitrate dehydrogenase
B. Aconitase
C. Succinate thiokinase
D. Succinate dehydrogenase

A

D.

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5
Q

What enzyme is responsible in the convertion of acetyl coa + oxaloacetate to citrate?

A. Isocitrate dehydrogenase
B. Citrate synthase
C. Succinate thiokinase
D. Fumarase

A

B.

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6
Q

Utilization/production of ATP:___ :: addition of H+ to either NAD/FAD:___

A. Succinate dehydrogenase; succinate thiokinase
B. Aconitase; fumarase
C. Succinate thiokinase; isocitrate dehydrogenase
D. Malate dehydrogenase; a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

A

C. -kinase = ATP/GTP; -dehydrogenase = NADH/FADH

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7
Q

How many molecules of FADH2 is produced in the krebs cycle?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

A

A. 1 molecule, 2 ATPs

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8
Q

What step would generate CO2 in the krebs cycle?

A. Formation of fumarate
B. Formation of malate
C. Formation of succinate
D. Formation of a-ketoglutarate

A

D. Also in the formation of succinyl coa

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9
Q

Which coenzyme is not vital in the a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex?

A. TPP
B. Niacin
C. Cobalamin
D. Riboflavin

A

C. Requires B1-B5

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10
Q

Acetyl CoA products used in oxidative phosphorylation

A. NADH
B. FADH2
C. GTP
D. Both A and B

A

D.

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11
Q

Gluconeogenic site that produces GTP

A. Pancreas
B. Kidney
C. Gall bladder
D. Both A and B

A

B. Liver and Kidney

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12
Q

Which of the ff is used in the convertion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenol pyruvate

A. ATP
B. NAD+
C. GTP
D. FAD

A

C. It is a gluconeogenic step

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13
Q

ATP yield from TCA:

Pyruvate:___ATPs :: Acetyl CoA:___ATPs

A. 9; 12
B. 12; 15
C. 15; 12
D. 12; 9

A

C.

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14
Q

The convertion of succinyl coa to valine is an example of

A. Transamination
B. Deamination
C. Lipogenesis
D. Both A and B

A

A.

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15
Q

The convertion of tyrosine to fumarate is an example of

A. Tranamination
B. Deamination
C. Lipogenesis
D. Both A and B

A

B.

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16
Q

Which of the ff aa can not be deaminated to pyruvate

A. Serine
B. Cysteine
C. Methionine
D. Threonine

A

C. It is deaminated to form succinyl coa

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17
Q

What enzyme could form tca intermediate, a-ketoglutarate from glutamate and vise versa

A. Citrate synthase
B. PEP carboxylase
C. Pyruvate carboxylase
D. Transaminase

A

D. It can also convert alanine to pyruvate and vise versa, aspartate to oxaloacetate and vise versa

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18
Q

Which TCA intermediate can be used for heme synthesis and activate ketone bodies in extrahatic tissues?

A. Succinate
B. Succinyl coa
C. A-ketoglutarate
D. Isocitrate

A

B. (Review) succinyl coa + glycine = pyrrole ring

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19
Q

Which of the TCA intermediates can be used in gluconeogenesis

A. Citrate
B. Succinate
C. Fumarate
D. Malate

A

D.

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20
Q

Lipolysis:___ :: Lipogenesis:___

A. Mitochondria; Cytoplasm
B. Cytoplasm; Mitochondria
C. Mitochondria; Mitochondria
D. Cytoplasm; Cytoplasm

A

A.

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21
Q

Glycolysis:___ :: Lipolysis:___

A. Mitochondria; Cytoplasm
B. Cytoplasm; Mitochondria
C. Mitochondria; Mitochondria
D. Cytoplasm; Cytoplasm

A

B.

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22
Q

What shuttle can transport mitochondrial Acetyl CoA into cytoplasm to initiate lipogenesis

A. Malate
B. G3P
C. Citrate
D. Both A and B

A

C.

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23
Q

What enzyme can convert cytoplasmic citrate to acetyl coa + oxaloacetate

A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
B. Transaminase
C. ATP-Citrate lyase
D. Citrate synthase

A

C.

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24
Q

What enzyme can be used to convert pyruvate to mitochondrial acetyl coa

A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
B. Transaminase
C. ATP-Citrate lyase
D. Citrate synthase

A

A.

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25
Q

Krebs cycle is active in

A. Well fed state
B. Fasting state
C. Anaerobic state
D. Both A and B

A

D. Amphibolic

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26
Q

Which of the ff is not true of the regulatory mechanism in TCA

A. Can synthesize new oxaloacetate
B. No hormonal control
C. Not fully known
D. Amphibolic

A

A.

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27
Q

Which TCA inhibitor inhibits the formation of fumarate

A. Fluoroacetate
B. Arsenite
C. Malonate
D. All of the above

A

C.

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28
Q

Which TCA inhibitor inhibits the formation of isocitrate

A. Fluoroacetate
B. Arsenite
C. Malonate
D. All of the above

A

A. It directly inhibits the formation of cis-acomitate, which is then converted to isocitrate

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29
Q

Which TCA inhibitor inhibits the convertion of a-ketoglutarate to succinyl coa

A. Fluoroacetate
B. Arsenite
C. Malonate
D. All of the above

A

B.

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30
Q

Which shuttle transports cytoplasmic fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix for lipolysis

A. Citrate
B. Malate
C. Carnitine
D. G3P

A

C.

CarniTHIN = breakdown of fats (lipolysis)
Citrate = synthesis of fatty acids (lipogenesis)
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31
Q

Glycolysis can work in which state

A. Aerobic
B. Anaerobic
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above

A

C.

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32
Q

Main substrate of Glycolysis

A. Galactose
B. Glucose
C. Fructose
D. All of the above

A

B. Though it can also be used for fructose and galactose metabolism. The question says MAIN

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33
Q

Product of Glycolysis

A. Lactic acid
B. Pyruvate
C. Acetyl CoA
D. Both A and B

A

D.

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34
Q

Glucose enters the cells via GLUT transporters. Insulin is not needed in the ff except

A. Brain
B. Liver
C. Adipose
D. RBC

A

C. Entry of glucose into the cells via GLUTs are facilitated by insulin only in adipose and muscle tissues

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35
Q

Which of the ff glucose transporters is insulin-facilitated

A. GLUT-1
B. GLUT-2
C. GLUT-3
D. GLUT-4

A

D.

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36
Q

Which glucose transporter found in liver and pancreatic beta cells

A. GLUT-1
B. GLUT-2
C. GLUT-3
D. GLUT-4

A

B.

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37
Q

Which glucose transporter is found in the RBCs and in the blood-brain-barrier

A. GLUT-1
B. GLUT-2
C. GLUT-3
D. GLUT-4

A

A.

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38
Q

Which glucose transporter can be found in the neurons

A. GLUT-1
B. GLUT-2
C. GLUT-3
D. GLUT-4

A

C.

39
Q

Final product of Glycolysis in

Aerobic:___ and Anaerobic:___

A. Lactate; Pyruvate
B. Lactate; Acetyl coa
C. Pyruvate; Lactate
D. Pyruvate; Acetyl coa

A

C.

40
Q

The final product of glycolysis in RBCs is/are

A. Pyruvate
B. Lactate
C. Acetyl coa
D. Both A and B

A

B. RBCs does not have organelles (specifically: mitochondria) hence anaerobic glycolysis

41
Q

In Glycolysis, What is the net ATP generated if NADH was shuttled by Malate

A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8

A

D.

42
Q

In Glycolysis, What is the net ATP generated if NADH was shuttled by G3P

A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8

A

C.

43
Q

In anaerobic glycolysis, How many ATPs are generated in the convertion of pyruvate to lactate

A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8

A

A.

44
Q

In aerobic glycolysis, How many ATPs are generated if NADH was shuttled by G3P into the mitochondria

A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8

A

B.

45
Q

In aerobic glycolysis, How many ATPs are generated if NADH was shuttled by Malate into the mitochondria

A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8

A

C.

46
Q

How many ATPs are invested in the Energy Investment Phase of Glycolysis

A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8

A

A.

47
Q

How many ATPs are generated in the Energy Generation Phase of Glycolysis

A. 8/6
B. 10/8
C. 6/2
D. 10/6

A

B. Malate shuttled NADH = 10, G3P = 8

48
Q

Which of the ff step is reversible

A. Glucose –> G6P
B. F6P –> F-1,6-BP
C. G6P –> F6P
D. PEP –> pyruvate

A

C.

49
Q

What enzyme is involved in the ff step

Glucose –> Glucose-6-Phosphate

A. Hexokinase
B. Glucokinase
C. Pyruvate kinase
D. Both A and B

A

D.

50
Q

What enzyme is involved in the ff step

Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate –> DHAP

A. Hexokinase
B. Phospho-fructokinase 1
C. Triose phosphate isomerase
D. Aldolase

A

D.

51
Q

What enzyme is involved in the ff step

Fructose 6-Phosphate –> Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate

A. Hexokinase
B. Phospho-fructokinase 1
C. Triose phosphate isomerase
D. Aldolase

A

B.

52
Q

What enzyme is involved in the ff step

Glucose 6-Phosphate Fructose 6-Phosphate

A. Phosphohexose isomerase
B. Phospho-fructokinase 1
C. Triose phosphate isomerase
D. Aldolase

A

A.

53
Q

What enzyme is involved in the ff step

DHAP G3P

A. Hexokinase
B. Phospho-fructokinase 1
C. Triose phosphate isomerase
D. Aldolase

A

C.

54
Q

How many NADH is produced by Glycolysis

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

A

B.

55
Q

Which of the ff steps in glycolysis would generate ATPs

A. 2-Phosphoglycerate PEP
B. Glucose –> Glucose 6-Phosphate
C. 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate 3-Phosphoglycerate
D. DHAP G3P

A

C. “GENERATE”

56
Q

Which of the ff is not true of Hexokinase

A. Low Vmax
B. Low Km
C. Low affinity for glucose
D. Phosphorylates all types of monosaccharide

A

C. Low Km = High affinity for glucose

57
Q

Which of the ff is not true of Glucokinase

A. Ubiquitous
B. High Vmax
C. Low affinity for glucose
D. Phosphorylates Glucose alone

A

A. Liver and Pancreas only

58
Q

Utilize glucose for energy use:___
Utilize glucose to store energy:___

A. Hexokinase; Glucokinase
B. Glucokinase; Hexokinase
C. Hexokinase; Pyruvate kinase
D. Glucokinase; Pyruvate kinase

A

A.

59
Q

Glucokinase initiates FA synthesis and glycogenesis in the ___ and insulin secretion in the ___

A. Pancreas; Liver
B. Liver; Pancreas
C. Both in the Liver
D. Both in the Pancreas

A

B.

60
Q

Which of the following enzyme would reach Vmax the fastest?

A. Hexokinase
B. Glucokinase
C. They reach the Vmax at the same time
D. Not enough info

A

A.

61
Q

Which of the ff enzyme is inhibited by Glucose 6-Phosphate?

A. Hexokinase
B. Glucokinase
C. Both
D. Neither

A

A.

62
Q

Which of the ff enzyme is inhibited by Fructose 6-Phosphate?

A. Hexokinase
B. Glucokinase
C. Both
D. Neither

A

B.

63
Q

What is the rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis?

A. Phosphoglycerate kinase
B. Phosphoglycerate mutase
C. Phosphohexose isomerase
D. Phosphofructokinase 1

A

D.

64
Q

In the fasting state of glycolysis

A. Low insulin, low glucagon
B. High insulin, high glucagon
C. Low insulin, high glucagon
D. High insulin, low glucagon

A

C.

65
Q

In the well fed state of glycolysis

A. Low insulin, low glucagon
B. High insulin, high glucagon
C. Low insulin, high glucagon
D. High insulin, low glucagon

A

D.

66
Q

PFK-2 is inhibited by

A. Low insulin, low glucagon
B. High insulin, high glucagon
C. Low insulin, high glucagon
D. High insulin, low glucagon

A

C.

67
Q

PFK-2 is activated by

A. Low insulin, low glucagon
B. High insulin, high glucagon
C. Low insulin, high glucagon
D. High insulin, low glucagon

A

D.

68
Q

PFK-1 is inhibited by

A. ATP
B. Citrate
C. Fructose 2,6-Bisphosphate
D. Both A and B

A

D.

69
Q

PFK-1 is activated by

A. ATP
B. Citrate
C. Fructose 2,6-Bisphosphate
D. Both A and B

A

C. and AMP

70
Q

Enzyme involved in the ff reaction

Fructose 6-Phosphate –> Fructose 2,6-Bisphosphate

A. PFK-1
B. PFK-2
C. Both
D. Neither

A

B.

71
Q

Enzyme involved in the ff reaction

Fructose 6-Phosphate –> Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate

A. PFK-1
B. PFK-2
C. Both
D. Neither

A

A.

72
Q

What is the primary activator of Fructose 6-Phosphate?

A. PFK-1
B. PFK-2
C. Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate
D. Fructose 2,6-Bisphosphate

A

D.

73
Q

How many ATPs will be yield in the convertion of PEP to Pyruvate via substrate level phosphorylation

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

A

B. 1 ATP/molecule. Since there are 2 molecules of PEP - 2 ATPs

74
Q

The activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by

A. Low glucagon, low cAMP
B. High glucagon, high cAMP
C. Low glucagon, high cAMP
D. High glucagon, low cAMP

A

B. When there is high level of glucagon and cAMP, phosphorylation occurs thus inhibiting the activity of pyruvate kinase

75
Q

Which of the ff activates pyruvate kinase?

A. PFK-1
B. PFK-2
C. Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate
D. Fructose 2,6-Bisphosphate

A

C.

76
Q

If there is a pyruvate kinase defficiency, the ff are expected except:

A. High ICF Na
B. High ICF H2O
C. Cell shrinking
D. Hemolytic anemia

A

C. It should be cell swelling.

77
Q

Which of the ff is true of pyruvate kinase deficiency

A. There is low ATP production, thus increases the activity of Na, K ATPase
B. There is high ATP production, thus increases the activity of Na, K ATPase
C. There is high ATP production, thus decreases the activity of Na, K ATPase
D. There is no production of ATP, thus decreases the activity of Na, K ATPase

A

D.

78
Q

Deficiency in what other enzyme in glycolysis would result in hemolytic anemia?

A. Hexokinase
B. Aldolase
C. Enolase
D. Phosphoglycerate mutase

A

B.

79
Q

Which of the ff is true of muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency

A. Manifests as chronic hemolytic anemia
B. Patients have low exercise capacity
C. Particularly on high protein diets
D. Cause by deficiency in the enzyme, pyruvate kinase

A

B.

C is wrong coz it should be high carbs diet

80
Q

What are the possible fates of NADH in glycolysis

A. Enter malate shuttle
B. Enter G3P shuttle
C. Used to convert pyruvate to lactate
D. All of the above

A

D.

81
Q

Malate Aspartate shuttle are found in the ff except

A. Kidney
B. Heart
C. Brain
D. Liver

A

C. In skeletal muscles and brain = G3P shuttle

82
Q

In this type of glycolysis the fate of pyruvate are usually in RBCs, WBCs, lens and cornea of the eye, medulla of the kidney and testes.

A. Aerobic
B. Anaerobic
C. Both
D. Neither

A

B.

83
Q

What enzyme converts 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate to 2,3 BPG

A. Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate dehydrogenase
B. Bisphosphoglycerate mutase
C. Phosphoglycerate kinase
D. 2,3 Bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase

A

B.

84
Q

Which of the ff is not true of 2,3 BPG

A. Found only in RBCs
B. Binds to hemoglobin –> shift to the right curve
C. Increases when there is chronic hypoxia
D. Increases when there is a decrease BPG mutase

A

D.

85
Q

Convertion of pyruvate to acetyl coa is activated by the presence of the ff except

A. NADH
B. NAD+
C. CoA
D. pyruvate

A

A.

86
Q

The convertion of pyruvate to acetyl coa is inhibited by the ff except

A. Acetyl CoA
B. ATP
C. NAD+
D. NADH

A

C.

87
Q

Which is not true of chronic alcoholism

A. May lead to pyruvic acidosis
B. May leady to lactic acidosis
C. Lacks B1
D. Prone to Lipoic acid deficiency

A

D.

88
Q

Fate of pyruvate in anaerobic state

A. Lactate
B. Oxaloacetate
C. Acetyl coa
D. Ethanol

A

A. Enzyme = lactate dehydrogenase

89
Q

Fate of pyruvate in aerobic well fed state

A. Lactate
B. Oxaloacetate
C. Acetyl coa
D. Ethanol

A

C. Enzyme = pyruvate dehydrogenase

90
Q

Fate of pyruvate in aerobic fasting state

A. Lactate
B. Oxaloacetate
C. Acetyl coa
D. Ethanol

A

B. Enzyme = pyruvate carboxylase

91
Q

Fate of pyruvate in yeast

A. Lactate
B. Oxaloacetate
C. Acetyl coa
D. Ethanol

A

D. Enzyme = pyruvate decarboxylase

92
Q

How many ATPs can be generated in the conversion of glucose to acetyl coa

A. 10/8
B. 8/6
C. 26/24
D. 38/36

A

D.

38 if malate shuttled NADH
36 if G3P shuttled NADH

93
Q

In the conversion of Citrate to Isocitrate, how many water were removed?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 0

A

B

Biochemistry (3 decks)

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