KQ5

Question 1

What is an event?

Answer 1

Physical occurrence resulting from the movement or deformation of earths crust

Question 2

What is a hazard?

Answer 2

A geographical event which has the ability to pose risk to life and property

Question 3

What is a disaster?

Answer 3

Natural hazard that causes significant loss to life, injury and economic damage. It is the realisation of a hazard

Question 4

What is vulnerability? who is most vulnerable?

Answer 4

Measures the level of risk an area faces from the impacts of a hazards. Populations where even relatively small physical changes face major socio-economic implications are often most vulnerable.

Question 5

What is resiliance?

Answer 5

The degree to which a population can recover from a hazard, level of vulnerability affects a communities resilience

Question 6

What is resilience an indication of?

Answer 6

It is an indication of how well a society is able to cope with natural hazard. Strategies to cope with hazards vary and measures may be in place such as warning systems for tsunamis.

Question 7

How has the frequency of natural hazards changed over time?

Answer 7

1. Frequency and magnitude of floods and severe weather has increased, this may be explained by human activities such as deforestation which has had a direct causative effect on flooding
2. Sceptics may point out that better and accurate record keeping has meant more reliable data
3. Natural hazards hardly show any change this is because humans have very limited influence on earthquakes and volcanoes however some say drilling may have an impact although the largest earthquake known to be induced by hydraulic fracturing in the United States was a M4 earthquake in Texas

Question 8

Disaster risk equation: theory

Answer 8

Frequency or magnitude of hazard (H) x vulnerability (V) / capacity to cope (C)

Shows that risk of disaster grows as global hazard and frequency and vulnerability increases, the capacity to cope decreases

Question 9

Degg Disaster model theory

Answer 9

Relates disaster to hazard event and vulnerable population in a diagram

Question 10

What are the key ideas on risk?

Answer 10

1. Risk closely related to chances of physical exposure to a T hazard
2. socio-economic and political factors will determine vulnerability
3. The most vulnerable will feel the smallest changes
4. If an event is so big even the least vulnerable will feel the impacts

Question 11

Name 5 physical factors determining response to a hazard

Answer 11

1. Magnitude
2. Speed of onset
3. Depth of focus
4. Duration of event
5. Type of hazards

Question 12

Name 5 human factors determining vulnerability

Answer 12

1. Level of monitoring
2. Levels of education
3. Population density
4. Type of infrastructure
5. Poverty

Question 13

Draw park model for Haiti and Japan, explain the stages

Question 14

Has there been a change in the number of earthquake disaster?

Answer 14

No there has been no significant change since the 80s, which varies from 15 to 40 every year

Question 15

Why has the number of deaths over time fallen from EQ?

Answer 15

Some say it has fallen due to greater response management, preparation and at times prediction, number of deaths have also fallen since 2000 due to better communication through mobile technology

Question 16

Why has the number of deaths over time fallen from EQ?

Answer 16

Some say it has fallen due to greater response management, preparation and at times prediction, number of deaths have also fallen since 2000 due to better communication through mobile technology. These have fallen in the last 30 to 40 years

Question 17

How have the number of deaths from EQ changed?

Answer 17

Highly variable from 2012 to 2014, estimated less than 1000 but in 2010 and 2004 there were around more than 200,000. The impact of mega disaster there fore skew data

Question 18

How has the number of deaths from volcanic hazards changed?

Answer 18

Deaths seem to be rare, the last time an eruption killed more than 1000 was lake Nyos Cameroon in 1986, and since then only 7 have killed more than 100. However number effected can be great due to mass evacuation e.g. 350,000 were evacuated from Mount Merapi

Question 19

How good are disaster statistics?

Answer 19

1. No universally agreed numerical threshold for disaster designation
2. local and regional deaths maybe unreported
3. Death figures may be controversial as you don’t know whether to report deaths from primary and secondary
4. political bias may alter number of deaths