KQ4: Textbook

Question 1

Why did hitler want to control the hearts and minds of young people?

Answer 1

Controlling young people meant control of the future.

Question 2

What roles did the nazis want for men and women.

Answer 2

Men- go to work, fight in war if necessary.

Women- stay at home cooking and cleaning, looking after babies.

Question 3

When was the hitler youth founded?

Answer 3

1922

Question 4

When was membership of the hitler youth made compulsory?

Answer 4

1936

Question 5

What percentage of young people were members of the hitler youth when the nazis were in power?

Answer 5

80%

Question 6

What were the activities of the hitler youth?

Answer 6

Swore an oath of loyalty to hitler.
Physical activities and listening to propaganda.
Boys wore uniforms, went on marches, did drill and played war games.
Girls in the BDM kept fit and were taught cooking, sewing, washing and looking after children.

Question 7

What evidence is there that the hitler youth was not a success?

Answer 7

Even when membership was compulsory, some never joined in and others who were forced to go hated it, especially the long speeches and repetitive physical activity.
Some rebelled against nazi ideas by joining the Swing Youth movement- listened and danced to swing music, wore english style fashions, girls wore make up and boys had long hair, met in ‘swing clubs’ during the war and greeted one another with ‘Heil Benny’.

Question 8

What percentage of teachers were members of the Nazi Teacher’s League?

Answer 8

97%

Question 9

What did hitler say about the school curriculum in 1939?

Answer 9

“I will have no intellectual training. Knowledge is to ruin my young men.”

Question 10

What did the nazi Germany school curriculum consist of?

Answer 10

Physical education was emphasised more that knowledge, and there were three double PE lessons every week.
Boys learned to box whilst girls were taught home-making and childcare.
German history was taught from 1919 onwards and was rewritten to support nazi ideas (e.g. The unfairness of the T of V and the wickedness of Jews and communists).
Maths had a twist (e.g. Calculating the cost of looking after the mentally ill).

Question 11

What are the three K’s?

Answer 11

Kinder- children
Küche- kitchen
Kirche- church

Question 12

How did the nazis expect women to behave?

Answer 12

No high heels or trousers
No makeup
No permed or dyed hair
Do not smoke

Question 13

How did the nazis make women conform to their ideas?

Answer 13

AT WORK- state workers sacked and couldn’t be doctors or teachers.
BLOCK WARDENS- reported women not following nazi ideas and encouraged good nazis to challenge those that dressed fashionably or smoked, making it difficult to do so in public.
PROPAGANDA- leaflets, newspapers, films, etc.
MEDALS- gold for 8, silver for 6 and bronze for 4.
STERILISATION- unhealthy women (even deaf and colourblind) were prevented from having children.
AT SCHOOL- lessons in cooking and childcare.
MARRIED COUPLES GOT LOANS- only if wife wasn’t working. More children meant they had to pay less back.

Question 14

What evidence is there to suggest that nazi policies about women were not a success?

Answer 14

Many didn’t want to give up their job, and the no of Woking women rose because the economy was doing well.
Many employers preferred women to work in their factories as they were cheaper than men.
Confusion during war: women called to work but also told that they had to have 4 children regardless of marital status.

Question 15

What did what life was like in nazi Germany depend on?

Answer 15

WHO YOU WERE. If you fitted in with nazi ideals or not.

WHEN YOU LIVED. The peacetime years of 1933-39 were different to the war years.

Question 16

What was the average birth per thousand in 1900, 1933, 1934 and 1939?

Answer 16

1900- 35.8
1933- 14.7
1934- 18
1939- 20.4

Question 17

Who were the big gainers in nazi germany?

Answer 17

LOYAL NAZIS who got the best jobs and houses.

WORKERS and BUSINESSMEN who benefitted from the nazi economic policies and reduced unemployment.

Question 18

What were the nazi economic policies?

Answer 18

Reducing unemployment
Making Germany self-sufficient (e.g. By making oil from coal)- this failed.
Encourage new industries such as electrics and medicines. There were some great successes such as jet engines and televisions.

Question 19

How were the nazis able to reduce unemployment from 5.5 million in 1933 to 0.3 million in 1938?

Answer 19

BUILDING THE ARMED FORCES: increased armed forces from 100,000 in 1919 to 1,400,000. All men aged 18-25 had to do two years army service.
REARMING GERMANY: jobs created in factories that produces weapons and equipment. Iron, steel and coal production rose rapidly.
BUILDING PROGRAMME: Autobahns, schools, houses and hospitals were built all over Germany.
SACKING COMMUNISTS AND JEWS: nazi opponents couldn’t work and couldn’t claim unemployment benefit. Women were also sacked.

Question 20

What were the benefits of nazi economic policies?

Answer 20

WORKERS had the ‘Strength Through Joy’ movement which provided hard workers and loyal nazis with perks (ie. cinema tickets and family holidays), and the nazis organised better facilities in factories.
FARMERS were guaranteed food prices and security if they fell behind on their rent.
BUSINESSMEN AND FACTORY OWNERS gained increased profits as workers were not allowed to strike, wages fell and working hours increased. The government spent money on factory-made goods.

Question 21

What were the drawbacks of the nazi economic policies?

Answer 21

• Trade unions were banned, DAF instead.
• No worker rights, strikes were illegal and no one could leave a job without government permission.
• Wages fell and working hours increased
• Workers paid 5 marks a week in advance for a Volkswagen car which they never got.
• Farming stayed old fashioned and inefficient.
• Price of food rose, which hit factory workers hard (reduced wages).
• Small businesses and small shops lost out in competition with big businesses.

Question 22

Who might’ve been persecuted, rounded up, imprisoned, sent to a concentration camp or killed in nazi germany?

Answer 22

Homeless and beggars
Physically disabled or mentally ill
Homosexuals
Socialists or communists
Jehovah's Witnesses
Ethnic or religious minorities such as black, Gypsy or Jewish.

Question 23

What measures did the nazis take against Jews between 1933 and 1939?

Answer 23

1933- Jews banned from certain jobs: judges, teachers, civil servants and lawyers.
1935- Nuremburg Laws: Jews could not be German citizens and could not marry Aryans.
1936- Jews could not own typewriters to prevent them from spreading their ideas in letters or articles.
1938- Jews banned from being doctors, running their own business, and from going to state schools, cinemas and swimming pools.
1938- Kristallnacht (nov)
1939- Jews could not be nurses or dentists and had to hand over jewellery, gold and silver to the police. A curfew was enforced.

Question 24

Describe what happened on Kristallnacht.

Answer 24

In November 1938, a jewish man shot dead a German diplomat in Paris. In retaliation, nazi leaders encouraged supporters to attack and smash up Jewish businesses, homes and synagogues.
After 2 nights, 91 Jews had died.
Afterwards, 30,000 Jews were arrested and taken to concentration camps.

Question 25

What were the 4 phases of the war?

Answer 25

Sep 1939-June 1941: blitzkrieg, war going well.
June 1941-Feb 1943: bogged down in war with Russia.
Feb 1943-July 1944: Total War
July 1944-May 1945: defeat, Russians reached Berlin.

Question 26

What happened during phase one of the war?

Answer 26

Germany had great success at the start of the war as they invaded Poland and France and most of Europe.

Question 27

What was the effect of phase one on German people?

Answer 27

Germany was not self-sufficient and rationing was introduced. Germans had enough to eat but food was monotonous.
Hot water was controlled to save energy.
Some bombing raids on German cities, first in 1940 on Berlin.

Question 28

What happened during phase 2 of the war?

Answer 28

Hitler decided to invade the USSR in June 1941. It was a mistake that marked the start of a dramatic change in fortune for Germany. Germany’s best soldiers and equipment got bogged down in to long war with Russia that ‘tore the heart out of the German army’.

Question 29

What was the effect of phase 2 on the German people?

Answer 29

Frequent bombing from 1942 onwards. Allies began ‘thousand bomber raids’, dropping explosive and incendiary bombs.
Not enough doctors to treat the wounded as Jews and women were not allowed and others were in the army.
Younger and less experienced young men were drafted into the army.
Severe shortage of labour so workers brought in from nazi occupied countries and used as slave labour.
Leadership of the Hitler youth was left to younger teenagers, so less control.

Question 30

What happened during phase 3 of the war?

Answer 30

After defeat at the Battle of Stalingrad, German forces retreated from Russia. The nazis put every resource into stopping the allied advance and people experienced total war.

Question 31

What was the effect of phase 3 (total war) on German people?

Answer 31

Bombing increased to destroy the morale of German citizens. This caused wide spread homelessness and death and 45,000 people died in hamburg in 1943.
Professional sport was stopped.
No non-military clothes were produced, people swapped them at centres.
Sweet shops were closed.
Some foods were no longer available.
Propaganda continued to keep support strong.

Question 32

What happened during phase 4 of the war?

Answer 32

In July 1944, it was clear Germany was going to lose the war. Allied forces were advancing into Eastern and Western Europe. Refugees were pouring into Germany.

Question 33

What was the effect of phase 4 of the war on the German people?

Answer 33

Air raids were even more extreme: on two nights in Feb 1945, 150,000 people were killed in Dresden.
The nazi administration could not cope, ration cards were no longer honoured and people scavenged for food.
Railway and postal services were reduced. Letter boxes were closed.
Theatres and concert halls (but not cinemas) were closed.
The Home Guard was formed.
All nongermans had to work in armament factories.
More woman were made to work.

Question 34

What 3 methods did the nazis use during the holocaust to exterminate Jews?

Answer 34

The Einsatzgruppen
The ghettos
The Final Solution

Question 35

Who were the Einsatzgruppen?

Answer 35

Special SS squads that would follow behind the German army when they invaded countries.
They would round up Jews, take them into the country and make them dig a trench.
The trench became a mass grave as Jews were lined up and shot into it.

Question 36

What were the ghettos?

Answer 36

Special areas that Jews from cities in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Lithuania were moved into.
These were shut off, surrounded by walls and were overcrowded with people. There was no water, food or power and hundreds of Jews died there every day.
Anyone who tried to leave the ghetto was shot dead.

Question 37

What was the final solution?

Answer 37

On July 31 1941 the order came from Goering (the Economics Minister) to Himmler (the Head of the SS) to carry out the ‘final solution to the Jewish question in Europe’.
Special death camps were created which were aimed at killing people, rather than imprisoning them.