KQ3 - The Coming Of War

Question 1

When was the the First Wold War?

Answer 1

1914-18

Question 2

Why did people believe that WW1 would be ‘the war to end all wars’?

Answer 2

People could not imagine going through that horrific experience again.

Many believed the peacekeeping organisation, LoN would ensure this.

Many believe the ToV was as harsh enough to deter countries from acting aggressively again.

Question 3

When did Hitler become the Führer?

Answer 3

1934

Question 4

What party was Hitler the leader of?

Answer 4

NSDAP , Nationalist Socialist Germans Workers Party

Question 5

When was mein Kampf written?

Answer 5

1924

Question 6

What were the key aims in Mein Kampf?

Answer 6

To unite all German-speaking people under his rule.

To gain Lebensraum (living space) for the German people.

To restore Germany as a Great Power (a country with economic, political and military power)

Question 7

Describe the disarmament of Germany under the ToV?

Answer 7

Army reduced to 100 000.

Conscription banned.

It could not have tanks.

It could not have an Air Force.

It’s navy was reduced significantly in size + couldn’t have submarines.

Question 8

Describe the taking of Germany’s lands under the ToV

Answer 8

Land taken from Germany - given to European countries, such as France, Poland and the new Czechoslovakia -> millions of Germans were now living in these countries.

The Rhineland was demilitarised, leaving Germany unable to protect French border

Germany’s overseas empire taken away and much given to UK and France. They controlled them as ‘mandates’. Britain -> Palestine
France -> Syria.

Question 9

When was Hitler appointed chancellor?

Answer 9

30 January 1933

Question 10

When did President Hindenburg die/Hitler became Führer?

Answer 10

August 1934

Question 11

When were Germany’s reparations completely cancelled?

Answer 11

1932

Question 12

When did Germany leave the LoN?

Answer 12

1933

Question 13

What was the Non-Aggression Pact? When was it signed? What was the effect?

Answer 13

1934

Accepted borders between Germany and Poland set by ToV
Promise to not take back the Polish Corridor
To last 10 years

Gave the impression to countries, including Britain, that Hitler was peaceful

Question 14

Describe the failed Anschluss

Answer 14

1934

Austrian Nazi party failed at Anschluss
- forbidden by ToV

Hitler backed down when Mussolini moves troops to the Austrian border

Question 15

When was the Anglo-German Naval Treaty? What was agreed? What was the effect?

Answer 15

June 1935

Agreement to limit Germany’s navy to 35% of Britain’s

France and Italy concerned as Germany would be expanding navy beyond limits of the ToV

Question 16

When was the the return of the Saarland?

Answer 16

1935

Question 17

What were the results of the Saarland plebiscite? What was the effect?

Answer 17

90% of the Saar population voted to re-join Germany
8% remain under LoN
2% re-join France.

Hitler and the part used this event to great effect as it gave the perfect propaganda opportunity to show to the support for the Nazis.

Question 18

Describe the rearmament of Germany

Answer 18

At first it was done secretly.

In 1933, Hitler ordered generals to triple the size of the army to 300 000 +
Air Ministry to build 1000 military aircrafts.

1935, Hitler went public with what had already been done.
The army would be increased to 550 000 as conscription introduced + 2500 military aircraft

Question 19

When was the remilitarisation of the Rhineland? What was it?

Answer 19

7 March 1936

Rhineland demilitarised under ToV
Remilitarisation broke ToV (1919) and Locarno Pact (1925)

22 000 troops + Hangul of aircraft sent
-> to withdraw troops if the French came

Question 20

How did Hitler justify the re-militarisation of the Rhineland?

Answer 20

1935, France-Soviet Pact

• argued that Germany was encircled
• no re-militarisation = no protection at French border

Question 21

What was the international reaction to the Re-militarisation of the Rhineland?

Answer 21

Britain & France condemn it but no action to reverse it

Question 22

Describe the successful Anschluss

Answer 22

Hitler encourages Austrian Nazis to demand union

12 March 1938 - Hitler’s enters troops to ‘restore peace’
Opponents sent to camps - 80 000

April 1938 - plebiscite shows 99.75% approval for union

UK & France protest but do nothing

Question 23

Why did Hitler want the Sudetenland?

Answer 23

3 million German-Peaking People Sudetenland as it was given from ToV

• rich in raw materials & heavily fortified area

Question 24

How did Hitler take the Sudetenland?

Answer 24

Hitler encourages Henlein, Sudetenland Nazi Party Leader, to call for independence

15 September 1938 - Chamberlain meets Hitler at Berchtesgaden -> gets Edvard Beneš, Czechoslovakian leader to agree, with support of France
However, Hitler demands more

30 September - Munich agreement
Between 4 Powers - Germany, Britain, France & Italy - Czech not invited.
Content:
- Sudetenland given to Germany
- UK+ France guarantee Czech independence
- Czech on their own if they fight against this
- Hitler + Chamberlain sign declaration of peace

Question 25

Describe the Takeover of Czechoslovakia

Answer 25

March 1939 - Hitler marches into Czechoslovakia

Broke the Munich agreement signed 6 months prior

Showed failure of appeasement
UK & France realise Hitler can’t be trusted
- guarantee Poland + Hungary

Question 26

Describe Poland and The Nazi-Soviet Pact. How did this lead to the outbreak of war?

Answer 26

Hitler demanded Polish Corridor - taken by the ToV
- encourages Germans in area & Danzig to demand union

Aug 1939 - Nazi-Soviet Pact shocks world as they are enemies

• agree to not I refer with each other in war
• Poland to be divided with USSR regaining lands lost in WW1

1 Sep 1939, Germany enters Poland
- Britain gives Germany ultimatum but Hitler ignores
3 Sep 1939 - UK declares war