KQ2 - Why was Hitler able to dominate Germany by 1934? Flashcards
What was the 25-point plan?
A series of demands, rules and promises aimed to generate further support for the Nazis
What went wrong in the Munich Putsch?
- Von Kahl, Von Lossow and Von Seisser called off the rebellion on the 4th of October 1923
- Hitler then stormed a Beerhall with 600 SA members on the 8th of November and forced the 3 men to agree to rebel
- Kahl, Sessier and Lossow left the Beerhall to inform the police of Hitler’s plans
- The Munich Pusch began but the police were already stationed and outnumbered the Nazis
- 16 Nazis were injured and the lack of support from the Bavarian people caused Hitler to lose his nerve
- Hitler was arrested
How was Hitler’s arrest beneficial to the Nazi party?
- Trials gave Hitler a platform to spread his ideals and established him as the natural leader of extreme right-wing nationalists throughout Germany
- Hitler won Ludendorff’s support
- Hitler only served 9 months of a 5 year sentence
- Hitler wrote Mein Kamphf
- Hiter emerged as a stronger figure after the putsch
What was the Nazi response to the Depression?
Nazis said:
- Weimar government is weak and that Nazis are strong leaders
- The Nazis will solve unemployment by expanding roads and creating jobs
- Hitler’s SA are the only force capable of dealing with communism
What inspired Hitler’s Munich Putsch?
Mussolini’s March on Rome
When was the Munish Putsch?
8th - 9th of November 1923
What was the membership of the Nazi party by 1923?
3000
When did Hitler become the leader of the National Socialist German Worker’s Party?
1921
How many seats had the Nazis gained by the general election in 1928?
12
How many seats had the Nazis gained by the general election in 1930?
107
How many seats had the Nazis gained by the general election in July of 1932?
230
How many seats had the Nazis gained by the general election in November of 1932?
196
How many seats had the Nazis gained by the general election in 1933?
288
What was backstairs intrigue?
- A series of secret political meetings and negotiations that were held between Hitler and other politicians in the run-up to Hitler becoming Chancellor
- This could also be referred to as ‘political manoeuvring’
What was the impact of the Depression on the Weimar Government?
- German people lost hope in the Weimar Republic because of how badly they dealt with the Depression
- Desperate times caused people to vote for the extremist parties
- Weimar Republic was overthrown by the Nazi Party through democratic means
Why did the German people lose faith in the Weimar Republic in the Depression?
- Weimar dealt with it terribly
- Increased taxes and reduced pay
- Which the German people hated since it decreased their standard of living
When was the Reichstag Fire?
27th of February 1933
Describe the events of the Reichstag Fire
- The Reichstag building was set on fire
- The person and supposed perpetrator found in the building was a man named Marius van der Lubbe
- van der Lubbe was thought to be part of the communist party
- van der Lubbe was charged with the blame for starting the fire and therefore the communist party was blamed
What the the 3 possible interpretations of the Reichstag Fire?
- van der Lubbe was the sole perpetrator
- van der Lubbe was part of a revolutionary group
- Nazis set fire to the Reichstag and framed van der Lubbe to ensure they won the 1933 electrions
What was the Enabling Act?
- Hindenburg passed a decree to ‘ensure peaceful and fair elections’ so that Hitler could shut down oppositional meetings
- Hitler used it as a way to eliminate political opposition as shown by him arresting 4000 communist leaders
- Hindenburg was persuaded to pass an emergency decree suspending all articles in the constitutions which ensured personal liberty, freedom of speed, freedom of the press and freedom of assembly.
- It gave the police emergency powers to search houses, confiscate property and detain people indefinitely without trial
- Emergency decree was in place for 12 years
What was Night of the Long Knives?
- A Purge of Nazi leaders by Adolf Hitler
- He feared that the paramilitary SA had become too powerful so ordered his elite SS guards to murder the organization’s leaders, including Ernst Röhm.
- Hitler supposedly opposed certain qualities that Röhm possessed e.g. Homosexuality and being a drunkard since their friendship would make Hitler look hypocritical
What was the Army Oath?
- Oath of allegiance sworn by officers and soldiers of the German armed Forces
- “I swear by God this holy oath, that I will render to Adolf Hitler, Führer of the German Reich and People, Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, unconditional obedience, and that I am ready, as a brave soldier, to risk my life at any time for this oath.”
