KQ1: Were the peace treaties of 1919-23 fair?

Question 1

Effect of War on Britain (4 points):

Answer 1

• 658,000 dead
• 3 mill. wounded
• $35 bill. cost of war
• $9 bill. in debt

Question 2

Effect of War on France (6 points):

Answer 2

• Area of land larger than Wales totally ruined by War
• 750,000 homes destroyed
• 2 mill. had to flee their homes
• 5,600 km of railways, 48,000 roads destroyed
• 1.4 mill dead (1 in 20), 6 mill. wounded
• $24 bill. cost of war

Question 3

Effect of War on USA (3 points):

Answer 3

• 58,000 dead
• 260,000 wounded
• Lent lots of money to Britain/France

Question 4

Effect of War on Germany (4 points):

Answer 4

• 750,000 civilian deaths
• 2 mill soldiers dead
• 4 mill soldiers wounded
• $150 bill. marks in debt

Question 5

Versaille’s main terms (13 points):

Answer 5

• 1919
• Reparations £6.6 bill.
• War Guilt
• League of Nations set up
• Colonies given to Britain/France
• Rhineland demilitarised
• Forced on Germany without consultation
• 100,000 army limit
• No air force, tanks, U-boats
• 15,000 sailors
• Lost territory: Alsace-Lorraine to France, Malmedy to Belgium, northern Schleswig to Denmark (Plebiscite), Saarland becomes a League Mandate, West Prussia and Posen to Poland (Polish Corridor), Upper Silesia to Poland, Danzig becomes a free city
• Union with Austria forbidden
• Lost 10% of land, 12.5% population, 16% coalfields, 50% iron and steel production, 100% overseas colonies

Question 6

St Germain (7 points):

Answer 6

• 1919
• Austria
• Split Austria-Hungary
• Lost 60% of land
• Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia created
• Austrian army limited to 30,000
• Reparations never set, Austria went bankrupt

Question 7

Neuilly (5 points):

Answer 7

• 1919
• Bulgaria
• Lost land to Greece, Romania, Yugoslavia
• Army limited to 20,000
• £100 mill. reparations

Question 8

Triannon (7 points):

Answer 8

• 1920
• Hungary
• Land lost to Czechoslovakia, Romania, Yugoslavia, Hungary now landlocked
• Population 36% of pre-war
• Army limited to 35,000
• Reparations set, only paid small amount of coal, Hungary went bankrupt
• 3.3 mill. Hungarians ended up in other states

Question 9

Sevres (6 points):

Answer 9

• 1920
• Turkey
• Lost territory to Greece, forced to give up much of their empire as independent states (Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco)
• Army limited to 50,700
• Allies control the Ottoman Bank
• Led to Civil War against it, making Lausanne

Question 10

Lausanne ():

Answer 10

• 1923
• Turkey
• No reparations
• No army restrictions
• Turkey gave up claims to Cyprus, Egypt, Sudan, Syria, Iraq
• Boundaries of Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey settled

Question 11

What did Clemenceau want?

Answer 11

Revenge, he wanted Germany to be dissolved and never have a chance to invade again (1870 and 1914) he wanted recompense and was uncompromising

Question 12

What did Lloyd-George want?

Answer 12

Wanted to punish Germany, but not as harshly as France (prevent German revenge, allow Germany to regain it’s place as Britain’s 3rd biggest trading partner)
Mostly wanted German Colonies for Britain, and was a realist

Question 13

What did Wilson want?

Answer 13

Punish Germany but not very harshly at all. Wanted to strengthen democracy in all nations, and wanted the League of Nations
Had his 14 points