Kotter Eight Step Model

Question 1

Identifying complacency and counteracting them. All top executives must believe change to be essential.

Answer 1

Establishing a sense of urgency

Question 2

Leads the change. Needs to be characterized by common goal. Individuals with appropriate expertise and strong positional power.

Answer 2

Creating the guiding coalition

Question 3

Picture of future with why people should strive to it. Something easy to imagine. Can be time-consuming. Combination of head and heart.

Answer 3

Developing a vision and a strategy

Question 4

Clear and direct language. Verbal images and analogies. Must be repeated regularly. Opportunities for feedback.

Answer 4

Communicating the change vision

Question 5

Willing effort from individuals who believe they can make a difference.

Answer 5

Empowering employees for broad-based action

Question 6

Increases morale and motivation, decreased negativity. Recognising individual contributions.

Answer 6

Generating short-term wins

Question 7

Counteract pressure to revert. Increase rather than reassign resources.

Answer 7

Consolidating gains and producing more change

Question 8

Deeply embedded and subconscious. Demonstrate respect for old, but benefits of new. Strengthen the new culture.

Answer 8

Anchoring new approaches in the culture