Korean Unit 1 Lessons 1 - 8 Grammar

Question 1

sentence structure (verb)

Answer 1

[noun]+(sub) [object]+(obj) [verb]
Ex. [I]+(sub) [korean]+(obj) [speak]
= I speak korean

Question 2

sentence structure (adjective)

Answer 2

[noun]+(sub) [adjective]
Ex. [I]+(sub) [tall]
= I am tall

Question 3

to be (이다) sentence structure

Answer 3

[noun]+(sub) [object]+[이다]
Ex. [나]+(는) [남자]+[이다]
나는 남자이다= I am a man

Question 4

subject particle

Answer 4

는/은

Question 5

place/time particle structure

Answer 5

[noun]+(sub) [place] [position]+(의) [verb]
Ex. [나]+(는) [학교] [앞]+(의) [있다]
나는 학교 앞의 있다 = I am in front of the school

Question 6

object particle

Answer 6

를/을

Question 7

place/time particle

Answer 7

에

Question 8

other subject particles

Answer 8

이/가

Question 9

는/은 vs. 이/가

Answer 9

는/은: used for comparison

이/가: just a statement

Question 10

adjective describing a noun structure

Answer 10

[stem of adjective]+(ㄴ/은)+[noun being described]
Ex. [크]+(ㄴ)+[배]
큰배 = big boat

Question 11

possessive particle

Answer 11

의

Question 12

possessive particle structure

Answer 12

[noun]+(의) [object]
Ex. [저]+(의) [책]
저의 책 = my book

Question 13

to have (있다) sentence structure

Answer 13

[noun]+(sub) [item]+(이/가) [있다]
Ex. [나]+(는) [펜]+(이) [있다]
나는 펜이 있다 = I have a pen

Question 14

agreement particle

Answer 14

도

Question 15

agreement particle structure

Answer 15

can replace subject(는/은) or object(를/을)
[noun]+(도) [object]+(obj) [verb]
Ex. [저]+(도) [한국어]+(를) [말하다]
저도 한국어를 말하다 = I speak korean as well (in addition to other people)

[noun]+() [object]+(도) [verb]
Ex. [저]+(는) [한국어]+(도) [말하다]
저는 한국어도 말하다 = I speak korean as well (in addition other languages)

Question 16

you

Answer 16

• use person’s job position (boss, principal, customer, guest)
• call familiar people family members even if unrelated (older brother, grandmother, uncle)

Question 17

basic conjugation

Answer 17

• used when writing (diary form)
• NOT for diolouge
• only conjugate verbs & adjectives

Question 18

basic conjugation - present tense verbs

Answer 18

stem + 는다/ㄴ다
Ex. 먹다(to eat) –> 먹+는다 = 먹는다
가다(to go) –> 가+ㄴ다 = 간다

Question 19

basic conjugation - past tense verbs

Answer 19

stem(ending in ㅏ/ㅗ) + 았다
stem(ending in 하) + 였다
stem(ending in anything else) + 었다
vowels can be merged with ㅇ
Ex. 공부하다(to study) --> 공부하+였다 = 공부하였다
만들다(to make) --> 만들+었다 = 만들었다

Question 20

basic conjugation - future tense verbs

Answer 20

stem + 겠다
Ex. 닫다(to close) –> 닫+겠다 = 닫겠다
만나다(to meet) –> 만나+겠다 = 만나겠다

Question 21

basic conjugation - present tense adjectives

Answer 21

leave it as is
Ex. 크다(to be big)
길다(to be long)

Question 22

basic conjugation - past tense adjectives

Answer 22

stem(ending in ㅏ/ㅗ) + 았다
stem(ending in 하) + 였다
stem(ending in anything else) + 었다
vowels can be merged with ㅇ
Ex. 좋다(to be good) --> 좋+었다 = 좋었다
비싸다(to be expensive) --> 비싸+았다 = 비쌌다

Question 23

basic conjugation - future tense adjectives

Answer 23

stem + 겠다
Ex. 끝나다(to be finished) –> 끝나+겠다 = 끝나겠다
행복하다(to be happy) –> 행복하+겠다 = 행복하겠다

Question 24

honorifics

Answer 24

• informal low respect (family, friends, younger people)
• informal high respect (used in most situations, shows respect)
• formal high respect (same as informal high respect, but more?)

Question 25

informal low conjugation - present tense verbs & adjectives

Answer 25

stem(ending in ㅏ/ㅗ) + 아
stem(ending in 하) + 여
stem(ending in anything else) + 어
vowels can be merged with ㅇ
Ex. 먹다(to eat) --> 먹+어 = 먹어
말하다(to speak) --> 말하+여 = 말하여

Question 26

informal high conjugation - present tense verbs & adjectives

Answer 26

stem(ending in ㅏ/ㅗ) + 아요
stem(ending in 하) + 여요
stem(ending in anything else) + 어요
vowels can be merged with ㅇ
Ex. 춤추다(to dance) --> 춤추+어요 = 춤추어요
걷다(to walk) --> 걷+아요 = 걷아요

Question 27

formal high conjugation - present tense verbs & adjectives

Answer 27

stem + ㅂ니다/습니다
Ex. 끝나다(to be finished) –> 끝나+ㅂ니다 = 끝납니다
일다(to know) –> 일+습니다 = 일습니다

Question 28

informal low conjugation - past tense verbs & adjectives

Answer 28

stem(ending in ㅏ/ㅗ) + 았어
stem(ending in 하) + 였어
stem(ending in anything else) + 었어
vowels can be merged with ㅇ
Ex. 먹다(to eat) --> 먹+었어 = 먹었어
말하다(to speak) --> 말하+였어 = 말하였어

Question 29

informal high conjugation - past tense verbs & adjectives

Answer 29

stem(ending in ㅏ/ㅗ) + 았어요
stem(ending in 하) + 였어요
stem(ending in anything else) + 었어요
vowels can be merged with ㅇ
Ex. 춤추다(to dance) --> 춤추+었어요 = 춤추었어요
걷다(to walk) --> 걷+았어요 = 걷았어요

Question 30

formal high conjugation - past tense verbs & adjectives

Answer 30

stem(ending in ㅏ/ㅗ) + 았습니다
stem(ending in 하) + 였습니다
stem(ending in anything else) + 었습니다
vowels can be merged with ㅇ
Ex. 끝나다(to be finished) --> 끝나+았습니다 = 끝났습니다
일다(to know) --> 일+었습니다 = 일었습니다

Question 31

informal low conjugation - future tense verbs & adjectives

Answer 31

stem + 겠어
Ex. 먹다(to eat) –> 먹+겠어 = 먹겠어
말하다(to speak) –> 말하+겠어 = 말하겠어

Question 32

informal high conjugation - future tense verbs & adjectives

Answer 32

stem + 겠요
Ex. 춤추다(to dance) –> 춤추+겠요 = 춤추겠요
걷다(to walk) –> 걷+겠요 = 걷겠요

Question 33

formal high conjugation - future tense verbs & adjectives

Answer 33

stem + 겠습니다
Ex. 끝나다(to be finished) –> 끝나+겠습니다 = 끝나겠니다
일다(to know) –> 일+겠습니다 = 일습니다