Korean Past, present, future Flashcards
If a verb stem ends in a consonant, add ____ for future tense
-을 거예요
The basic future tense ending is
~(으)ㄹ 거예요
갈 거예요 (will go)
If a verb stem ends in a vowel, add
-ㄹ 거예요
보다 (to see)
봐요
봤어요
볼 거예요
is seeing
has seen
will see
가다 (to go)
가요
갔어요
갈 거예요
is going
has gone
will go
만나다 (to meet)
만나요
만났어요
만날 거예요
is meeting
already met
will meet
먹다 (to eat)
먹어요
먹었어요
먹을 거예요
is eating
did eat
will eat
읽다 (to see)
읽어요
읽었어요
읽을 거예요
Is seeing
did see
will see
입다 (to wear)
입어요
입었어요
입을 거예요
is wearing
did wear
will wear
If a verb stem ends in ㄹ, just add ___ for future tense
-거예요
살다 (to live)
살아요
살았어요
살 거예요
is living
did live
will live
놀다 (to play)
놀아요
놀았어요
놀 거예요
is playing
did play
will play
팔다 (to sell)
팔아요
팔았어요
팔 거예요
is selling
did sell
will sell
뭐 할 거예요?
* 운동할 거예요.
언제 갈 거예요?
* 내일 갈 거예요.
What are you going to do?
* I am going to exercise.
When will you go?
* I will go tomorrow.
누구랑 영화를 볼 거예요?
* 수민이랑 영화를 볼 거예요.
Who will you watch the movie with?
* I will watch the movie with Sumin
뭐 먹을 거예요?
* 고기 먹을 거예요.
What will you eat?
* (I / We) will eat meat
이다
[이다]
To be (is, am, are)
아니다
[아니다]
To not be (is not, am not, are not)
있다
[이따]
To have, to exist
없다
[업따]
To not have, to not exist
The present tense of a verb (polite speech only) will end with :
-아요 (when the last vowel in the verb stem is ㅏ or ㅗ)
-어요 (when the last vowel in the verb stem is anything else)
이 + 어요 = 이어요 (eventually became 이에요 / 예요) =
is, am, are
아니 + 어요 = 아니어요 (eventually became 아니에요) =
is not, are not, are not
있 + 어요 = 있어요 [이써요] =
does exist
없 + 어요 = 없어요 [업써요] =
does not exist
past tense of a verb will end with:
-았어요 (when the last vowel in the verb stem is ㅏ or ㅗ)
-었어요 (when the last vowel in the verb stem is anything else)
이 + 었어요 = 이었어요 [이어써요] =
was, were
아니 + 었어요 = 아니었어요 [아니어써요] =
was not, were not
있 + 었어요 = 있었어요 [이써써요] =
did exist
없 + 었어요 = 없었어요 [업써써요] =
did not exist
verb ending of future tense is:
~ㄹ거예요 (when the preceding syllable ends with a vowel)
을거예요 (when the verb stem ends with a consonant)
이 + ㄹ거예요 = 일거예요 [일꺼예요] =
probably will be
아니 +ㄹ거예요 = 아닐거예요 [아닐꺼예요] =
probably will not be
있 + 을거예요 = 있을거예요 [이쓸꺼예요] =
probably will exist
없 + 을거예요 = 없을거예요 [업쓸꺼예요] =
probably will not exist
Present Tense
When the last syllable of the stem ends in a consonant, -는다 (-neunda) is added to the stem of the word.
라면을 먹는다.
문을 닫는다.
I’m eating ramen
I close the door
Present tense
When the last syllable of the stem ends in a vowel, -ㄴ (-n) is added to the last syllable followed by 다 (da).
배우다 -> 배운다
영어를 배운다.
집으로 간다.
I am learning
I am learning English.
I go home
Remove the stem and simply add -고 있어요 (-go itseoyo) to complete the sentence.
먹다 -> 먹고 있어요
드레스를 입고 있어요.
I’m eating
I am wearing a dress
Past tense
When the final vowel of a verb is ㅗ (o) orㅏ(a), add -았다 (-atda).
만나다 (mannada) – “to meet”
가다 (gada) – “to go”
만났다 (I met)
갔다 (I went)
Past tense
When the final vowel of a verb is anything but ㅗ (o) orㅏ(a), add -었다 (-eotda).
먹다 (meokda) – “to eat”
먹었다 (I ate)
Past tense
If a verb ends with the syllable 하 (ha), add -였다 (-yeotda).
요리하다 (yorihada) – “to cook”
공부하다 (gongbuhada) – “to study”
요리했다 (I cooked)
공부했다 (I studied)
배우겠다
I will learn
The simple future tense is very easy to learn because all you need to do is add _______ to the stem of a verb.
-겠다 (-getta)
나중에 먹겠다
I will eat later
Probable future
The probable future tense is used when you want to say, “I will probably ___.” The rule is to attach 으 (eu) or ㄹ 거에요 (r geoyeyo) to the verb stem.
1) If the stem ends in a consonant, attach 을 거예요 (eul geoyeyo).
2) If it ends in a vowel, attach ㄹ 거예요 (r geoyeyo).
