Korean Grammar

Question 1

이 다

Answer 1

－ To be (is, am, are, was, were, etc.)
－ behaves like an adjective and verb
- 다 only word that can be conjugated
- Cannot act on an object ( cannot add particle 를/을)
- not used to indicate something is an adjective but used
To indicate an noun is a noun
- attach to second noun like this: 나는 남자이다

Question 2

는 / 은

Answer 2

－ placed after a word to indicate it is the subject

• 는 is used after a syllable ends with a vowel
• 은is used apter a syllable ends with a consonant

Question 3

를 /을

Answer 3

－Used to indicate the object

• 를 used when syllable ends with vowel
• 을 used when syllable ends with consonant

Question 4

이 / 그 / 저 / 것

Answer 4

• 이 (this) talking about something within touching distance. Placed before noun it’s describing.
• 그 (that) when used about something from previous sentence or previous context - regardless if you can see it or not. Use just like 이
• 저（that) can see but cannot reach. use just like 이
• 것(thing) use with 이,그,저 to make compound word.
• 이, 그, 저 use to describe a noun (그 사람, 이 남자, 저 여자)
• It can also be a noun (ex. I like that)
• When use that as a determiner ( I like that man) use 그and can also be a pronoun ( like that) use 그 것
• Can drop the 것 (like this thing and I like this) mean the same.

Question 5

Using 이 다 with this/that

Answer 5

** none of these are conjugated**

1. 그 사람은 의사이다 .
2. 그 사람은 선생님이다.
3. 이것은 탁자이다.
4. 저것은 침대이다.
5. 그 사람은 여자이다.
6. 그 사람은 남자이다.
7. 그것은 차이다.
8. 이것은 나무이다.

Question 6

Translate:

1. l am a student.
2. That thing is a car.
3. This thing is a door.
4. That teacher is a doctor.
5. Seoul is a city.
6. I am a Korean person.

Answer 6

1. 나는 학생이다.
2. 그것은 차이다.
3. 이것은 문이다.
4. 저 선생님은 의사이다.
5. 서울은 도시이다.
6. 나는 학국 사람이다.

Question 7

있 다 (to have)

Answer 7

－Two forms: to have and to be at a location

• Usage of 있 (to have) in Korean is an adjective
• Since adj. cannot at on objects this sentence is incorrect: 나는 펜을 았다. To make it correct you can attach 이/가 to the object so that we can use 있다. Example: 나는 펜이 있다.

Question 8

에

Answer 8

• To indicate a specific place or time. Example: at, to, on, into, in, etc.
• It is possible to have 에 twice in a sentence. Example: I went to the park at 10:00.
• position nouns can be placed after a noun to indicate where it is respective to that noun. 에 is attached directly to the position noun.

Example:
학교 앞에 (in front of the school)
사람 뒤에 (behind the person)
집 옆에 (beside the house)

Question 9

있 다(to be at a location)

Answer 9

• To indicate that something or someone is at a location,
• 에 and 있다 are often seen together. Example: 나는 학교에 있다.
• keep in mind the importance of using 에 and 이/가 with 있다. The particle changes the meaning of the sentence.
  Example: 나는 학교에 있다 ( l am at school)
  나는 학교가 있다 (I have a school)

Question 10

Translate:

1. l am in front up the school.
2. I am beside the school.
3. The dog is in the house.
4. The cat is under the chair.
5. The restaurant is next to the bank.
6. The hotel is next to the school.

Answer 10

1. 나는 학교 앞에 있다.
2. 저 는 학교 옆에 있다.
3. 캐는 집 안에 있다.
4. 고양이는 의자 밑에 있다.
5. 식당는 은행 옆에 있다.
6. 호텔은 학교 옆에 있다.

Question 11

이/ 가 as a subject marker

Answer 11

-You can use 이/가to indicate a subject in a sentence.
Example: 그양이가 집 뒤에 있다. Instead of 고양이는 집 뒤에 있다.
- In most situations both ways have the same meaning. But in some situations the dipperence is subtle.

-는/은 has a role of indicating something is compared to something else. Example this sentence 고양이는 집 뒤에 있다. The speaker is saying the cat is behind the house in comparison to something else not being- such as the dog is inside the house while the cat is behind the house.
고양이가 집 뒤에 있다 is simply stating a fact and the cat is not being compared.

Another example:

카피가 냉장고에 있다. simply stating the coffee is in the fridge.

카피는 냉장고에 있다 could also simply be stating a fact but it could also be distinguishing the location of another object. Such as the tea is on the table but the
Copper is in the fridge.

** note that the position noun 안 (inside)has been omitted because like in English we
can omit the word inside and only use in. The coffee is in the fridge instead of the
Coffee is inside the fridge.

Question 12

Translate:

1. I have a magazine.
2. I am in the room.
3. That hotel is in Canada.
4. I have a computer.
5. Japan is next to Korea.
6. The book is in the room. (No comparison)
7. I don’t have a bag.
8. City hall is across the street from the police station.

Answer 12

1. 나는 잡지가 있다
2. 나는 방에 있다
3. 그 호텔은 캐나다에 있다
4. 나 는 컴퓨터가 있다
5. 일본은 한국 옆에 있다
6. 책이 방에 있다
7. 나는 가방이 없다
8. 시헝은 경찰서 건너편에 있다

Question 13

All Korean sentences must end with?

Answer 13

A verb or an adjective.

Question 14

Every Korean verb and adjective must end with?

Answer 14

다. In addition Many verbs and adjectives end with 하 다.

Question 15

What’s so great about words ending in 하다?

Answer 15

By removing 하다 you can make the noun format ap the verb/ adjective.

Question 16

When using adjectives in Korean…

Answer 16

－ goes at the end of the sentence

• cannot act on objects
• can negate the use of “am/is/are/etc.” within the meaning in a Korean adjective is the “is/are/am”.

Question 17

Possessive particle 의

Answer 17

－ pronunciation of 의 can change in situations.
• when found in the first syllable the sound is uuu (with 의)
• is found in the first syllable with a consonant the pronunciation is 이
• is found anywhere but the first syllable the pronunciation is 에

-의 is a particle that indicates one is the owner/possessor of another object. Same role as in English by adding ‘s’. By adding 의 you can change I, you,he,she, they to my,
Yours, his, her, their .

• we’ll notice that sometimes words like my, your, his, her, their gets omitted to make
  the sentence shorter.
  Example: 나는 나의 친구를 만나다. ( I meet my friend)
  나는 친구를 만나다. (I meet friend)

Question 18

좋다 and 좋아하다

Answer 18

－ The word 하다 is an adjective that means good. (cannot act on objects)
-The word 좋아하다 is a verb to mean to like. (can act on objects)

Question 19

We, Us, and our 우리

Answer 19

－there is no distinction when using 우리 between I/me, we/us.

• by adding 의 after 우리we can make the ward “our” but the possessive article usually gets omitted.
• there’s a formal version of 우리 (저희). However even in formal situations it is acceptable to use 우리.

Question 20

Translate:

1. This food is good.
2. The teacher likes us.
3. My fingers are chubby.
4. We go to Finland.
5. Our house is big.

Answer 20

1. 이 음식은 좋다.
2. 선생님은 우리를 좋아하다.
3. 나의 손가락은 뚱뚱해. (conjugated)
4. 우리는 핀란드에 가다.
5. 우리 집은 크다.