Kohlenberg: Personality Disorders Flashcards by Megan Foggia

Personality disorders are (blank)

ego-syntonic

**patients w personality disorders don’t really realize they have a problem, and they aren’t trying to seek help for it

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A common way a person feels and behaves across situations

personality

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T/F: Personality, or “self” develops through interactions with others.

True

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When parents consistently respond with inaccurate labels, “out-of-sync” emotion, or abuse, this results in (blank) which can lead to psychopathology.

invalidation

**Abuse and neglect are “ultimate invalidation” of child’s internal emotional experience, and thus are strongly tied to disorders of self.

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When a child’s relationship with his/her primary caregiver is problematic, it can affect the development of identity and emotion regulation. What is an essential component of normal development in this regard?

parent’s responses to their children’s emotions

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6 key elements of personality disorders?

An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior.
The enduring pattern is inflexible and pervasive.
The pattern leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in social or occupational areas of functioning
The pattern is of long duration, onset in adolescence or early adulthood.
Not better explained as a manifestation or consequence of another mental disorder.
Not due to physiological effects of a substance or medical condition.

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Personality disorders are never (blank)

new onset

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When are personality disorders evident?

by early adulthood

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Are personality disorders situational/mood disorders?

No!

**not anxiety disorders or substance abuse

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T/F: Personality disorders may not be considered problematic by the individual

True

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Never dx antisocial personality disorder under age (blank)

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Cluster A involved what type of disorders? There are 3

odd or eccentric

paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

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A pattern of pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are considered malevolent. Begins in early adulthood, across a variety of contexts;
is reluctant to confide in others because of fears that the information will be used against him or her
reading insults into benign remarks
persistently bears grudges, is unforgiving of insults, injuries, or slights
perceives attacks on his or her character or reputation that are not apparent to others and is quick to react or to counterattack
has recurrent suspicions, w/o justification, regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner

paranoid personality disorder

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How is paranoid personality disorder different from paranoid schizophrenia?

paranoid personality disorder has NO clear cut delusions, hallucinations, or other psychotic features, and has ENDURING QUALITIES

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Paranoid personality disorder does not occur during the course of (blank), a Mood disorder with Psychotic Features, another Psychotic Disorder and is not due to the physio. effects of a medical condition

schizophrenia

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A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions–beginning by early adulthood.
does not desire or enjoy close relationships, including being part of a family
Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family.
Has little interest, if any, in sexual experiences with another person
takes pleasure in few, if any, activities
lacks close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives
appears indifferent to the praise or criticism of others
shows emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity

Schizoid personality disorder

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T/F: Schizoid personality disorder does not occur during the course of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorder w/Psychotic features

True

How is schizoid personality disorder different from avoidant personality disorder?

in schizoid PD there is a preference for being alone

A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cog. or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior.
odd beliefs or magical thinking
unusual perceptual experiences–including bodily illusions
odd thinking and speech peculiar behavior or appearance
suspiciousness or paranoia
inappropriate or constricted affect

Schizotypal PD

**these people are not schizophrenic, but are just very odd and eccentric (think of the man walking in downtown Reno with crazy clothes, but no psychosis)

What is one main characteristic of people with schizotypal PD?

odd thinking and speech peculiar behavior or appearance

What kind of disorders are Cluster B disorders? There are 3

dramatic, emotional, erratic;

antisocial, borderline, histrionic

A pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that occurs that began in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood.
Must be at least 18 to receive this dx.

Antisocial PD

Describe some components of anti social personality disorder

significant impairment in self functioning, interpersonal functioning (no empathy), antagonism (manipulative, deceitfulness, callousness, hostility), disinhibition (irresponsibility, impulsivity, risk taking)

What is the treatment for antisocial personality disorder?

no treatment currently, but 25% are in treatment for other things
involuntary treatment (prison, substance abuse trt)

How do people get out of antisocial personal disorder if there is no treatment?

these people sort of "age" out of their disorder

Pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity that begins in early adulthood and is present in a variety of contexts. frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment idealized and devalued interpersonal relationships identity disturbance--unstable sense of self impulsive behavior--$, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, etc...... affective instability--reactivity of mood chronic feelings of emptiness recurrent suicidal inappropriate anger stress related paranoid ideation or dissociative symptoms. behavior or self-mutilation

Borderline personality disorder

Can borderline personality disorder be treated?

yes!! with DBT, many show improvement over one year **80% of BPD sufferers reduce their symptoms

Borderline personality disorder is characterized by (blank)

emotional dysregulation **high sensitivity, high reactivity, long lasting arousal ex: if his/her friend doesn't show up to lunch, this person would get so upset; when the friend showed up late, it would take them a long time to get back to baseline

How are borderline personality disorders likely to begin?

early abuse or sensitive personality that is easily affected by things that are not really abusive *ex: when things happen to them, they are more sensitive and feel invalidated or "abused"

What do people with borderline personality disorder do to reduce distress?

engage in self-injurious behavior **Almost all (80-94%) self-mutilators report a decrease in negative emotion and shame after cutting. Self-mutilators often report that self-injury helps them feel as if they exist during periods of profound emptiness or dissociation

How does self-injury help a person feel better?

gives them an outlet, so they can manage their overwhelming distress ex: I was so worried, the only thing I could do was burn myself with a cigarette to relieve the worry...

What is dialectical behavior therapy?

helping a person respond effectively to manage inner distress: emotional dysregulation, mindfulness, wise mind helping a person work effectively in the world: problem solving, chain analysis realizing you feel distress and working through it step by step **ex: I’m hangry and my friend is late for lunch – maybe I’ll order bread, oh and then I’ll give them thirty minutes, and then I’ll order something light, and then I’ll call them…

What is "wise mind?"

the balance b/w rational/logical mind and emotional mind Ex: making the decision about where to go for residency; you want to converge rational thinking and emotions

Pervasive and excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior begins in early adulthood Colorful, dramatic, extroverted, excitable and emotional. Males can act tough and macho. And a deep seated inability to maintain strong, reciprocal, and long-lasting friendships. Love attention, unable to be ignored, shallow.

Histrionic personality disorder

A pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy that begins in early adulthood grandiose sense of self importance preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty or ideal love believes he or she is special or unique requires excessive admiration sense of entitlement interpersonally exploitative lacks empathy envious of others and thinks others envy him or her arrogant and haughty

Narcissistic PD

Narcissistic PD is common in (blank)

adolescents **not predictive of adult narcissistic personality disorder

What type of disorders are the cluster C disorders? There are three

anxious and fearful; | avoidant, dependent, OCD

A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitivity to negative evaluation avoids jobs that involve interpersonal contact, due to fears of disapproval or rejection unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked shows restraint within intimate relationships because of fear of being shamed or ridiculed is preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations

avoidant personality disorder

How is avoidant personality disorder different from schizoid?

people with avoidant personality disorder may want to engage in social situations/activities but are too fearful and anxious; people with schizoid actually don't want to engage (disinterest)

pervasive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation has difficulty making everyday decisions without advice from others needs others to assume responsibility for most major areas in life has difficulty disagreeing with others

dependent personality disorder

A preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency. preoccupied with details, rules, order--to the extent that the major point of an activity is lost shows perfectionism-interferes with task completion is excessively devoted to work and productivity, excludes leisure activity and friendships is overconscientious, and inflexible about matters of morality, ethics or values is unable to discard worn-out of worthless objects even with no sentimental value is reluctant to delegate tasks (w/o assurance)

OCPD

How is OCD different from OCPD?

OCD involves much suffering, compulsive behaviors and thoughts OCPD: personality style, not in misery