KNR 353 - Quizzes Flashcards
The inherent rate of the SA node is _____ bpm.
60-100
The inherent rate of the AV junction is _____ bpm.
40-60
The inherent rate of the ventricle is _____ bpm.
20-40
The built-in rate of each of the three major areas of the conduction system is referred to as the _____ rate.
inherent
What term is used to refer to the process of electrical discharge and the flow of electrical activity?
depolarization
If polarizing is considered the ready state, then _____ would be considered the recovery state.
repolarization
After leaving the area of the AV node, impulses go through the _____ to reach the right and left bundle branches.
Bundle of His
Part of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is the _____ nerve.
vagus
When stimulated, the _____ branch of the nervous system will increase heart rate, AV conduction, and irritability.
sympathetic
Which cardiac cells are responsible for initiating and conducting pacemaker impulses?
electrical cells
Which is the normal pacemaker of the heart?
SA node
Which of the following is NOT a part of the normal cardiac conduction system?
coronary sinue
What is the term for the fail-safe mechanism that allows a lower pacemaker to take over when a higher site fails?
escape
Which of the following best explains the mechanism called irritability?
A lower pacemaker site speeds up to take control of the heart.
What does not happen when the sympathetic branch is stimulated?
Ventricular conduction slows down.
When an EKG machine is turned on but not yet connected to the patient, the stylus will produce a straight line called the _____ line.
isoelectric
The EKG machine will produce an upright deflection on the graph paper if the flow of electricity is toward the _____ electrode.
Positive
The horizontal lines on the EKG graph paper measure _____.
Voltage
The vertical lines on the EKG graph paper measure _____.
time
The distance between two “tic” marks is _____ sec.
3
On EKG graph paper, the time between two heavy vertical lines is five small boxes, or _____ sec.
0.20
On EKG graph paper, the distance in time between two light vertical lines, or across one small square, is _____ sec.
0.04
A series of cardiac cycle makes up a(n):
EKG rhythm strip
The deflections above and below the isoelectric lines are referred to as:
waves
The short period of electrical inactivity between the P wave and the start of the QRS complex is called the:
PR segment
The PR interval begins at the first sign of the P wave and ends at the first sign of the next deflection, which is called the:
QRS complex
The PR interval reflects all _____ activity.
atrial
No impulse can cause depolarization during the _____ refractory period.
absolute
Which of the following is NOT a normal QRS measurement
Anything above 0.12
A strong impulse can cause a premature abnormal discharge during the _____ refractory period.
relative
Which of the following best describes the elements of a single cardiac cycle?
P wave, PR segment, PR interval, QRS complex, and T wave
The heart’s normal rhythm usually originates in the:
SA node
To find out if a rhythm is regular or irregular, measure the _____ across the entire strip.
R-R intervals
When a P wave originates in the SA node, it is expected to be smooth, rounded, and _____ in Lead II.
upright
The standard systematic approach to arrhythmia interpretation consists of all of the following EXCEPT:
refractory periods
The cardiac activity that takes place above the ventricles is referred to as _____ activity.
supraventricular
If a rhythm is regular, the MOST accurate way to calculate heart rate is to count the number of small squares between two R waves and divide the total into:
1500
P waves usually appear before:
QRS complexes
A major EKG finding that can help you distinguish between supraventricular and ventricular rhythms is the width of the:
QRS complex
A Normal Sinus Rhythm should have a QRS of less than _____ sec.
0.12
The QRS complex is indicative of ventricular _____ and thus should correspond to the patient’s pulse.
depolarization
Which of the following is the LEAST accurate way to determine heart rate?
Count the number of QRS complexes in a 6-sec strip and multiply by 10
Which part of the conduction system has the slowest conduction speed, and is thus responsible for slowing down impulses until the heart is ready to receive them?
AV node
If a rhythm is IRREGULAR, the best way to determine rate is to:
count the number of QRS complexes in a 6-sec strip and multiply by 10
Which of the following best describes a “lost” P wave?
one that is obscured because it falls on other waves
The P waves are the first waves you should look for when analyzing a rhythm strip because:
they are usually very regular and thus easy to find
If a QRS complex measures less than 0.12 sec., you know that it did NOT originate in the:
ventricles
A rhythm that is “regularly irregular” would describe a rhythm that:
has a pattern to its irregularity
In Normal Sinus Rhythm, the heart rate is _____ bpm.
60-100
In Normal Sinus Rhythm, the PR interval must fall between _____ sec.
0.12-0.20
A Normal Sinus Rhythm has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
the R-R intervals vary
The rate for Sinus Bradycardia is _____ bpm.
less than 60
The term “tachycardia” means:
fast heart
The rate for Sinus Tachycardia is _____ bpm.
greater than 100
In Sinus Arrhythmia, the heart rate is usually _____ bpm.
60-100
In Sinus Arrhythmia, the rate changes with the patient’s:
respirations
In Sinus Arrhythmia, the R-R intervals are
irregular
For Sinus Tachycardia, the QRS complex should be less than _____ sec.
0.12
For all rhythms that originate in the sinus node, you would expect that P wave in Lead II to be:
upright and uniform
For all rhythms that originate in the sinus node, you would expect all of the following EXCEPT:
inverted P waves following the QRS complexes
When a sinus rhythm has a QRS complex of 0.12 sec. or greater, you know that this is an abnormality and would note that it has:
a wide QRS
The presenting problem with Sinus Bradycardia is that”
the rate is too slow
The presenting problem with Sinus Tachycardia is that:
the rate is too fast
The presenting problem with Sinus Arrhythmia is that”
the rhythm is irregular
Atrial rhythms originate in the:
atrial pathways
Which of the following does NOT describe an atrial P wave?
it is uniformly rounded
An atrial arrhythmia that occurs when the pacemaker role switches from the SA node to the atria and back again is called:
wandering pacemaker
A single beat that arises from a focus outside of the SA node is called a(n):
ectopic beat
An early (premature) ectopic beat could be an indication of:
irritability
Atrial Tachycardia usually has a rate of _____ bpm.
150 - 250
It is very common for the P waves in Atrial Tachycardia to be:
hidden in the T wave
The rhythm in which the atrial waves are seen as a sawtooth pattern is called:
atrial flutter
In the rhythm called “atrial flutter,” the atrial rate is usually in the range of _____ bpm.
250 - 350
The rhythm in which ALL atrial activity is depicted as chaotic undulations of the baseline is called:
Atrial FibrillationI
In Atrial Fibrillation, the rhythm is:
grossly irregular with no pattern
The QRS in Atrial Fibrillation should be _____ sec.
less than 0.12
The atrial rate in Atrial Fibrillation is _____ bpm.
greater than 350
Atrial Fibrillation has:
no discernible P waves
When you encounter a rhythm that is irregular with no mappable P waves, you should suspect:
Atrial Fibrillation
In Atrial Fibrillation, when the ventricular rate is over 100 bpm, it is said to be:
uncontrolled
A Premature Atrial Complex is:
a single ectopic beat
The QRS complex is all atrial rhythms is expected to be:
normal
The ventricular rate for PACs is defined as:
depends on underlying rhythm
In Wandering Pacemaker, the heart’s pacemaker site shifts between:
SA node and atria
In a junctional rhythm, the pacemaking impulses originate in the:
AV junction
The mechanism in which the atria are depolarized with a backward flow of electricity is called _____ conduction.
retrograde
In Lead II, the junctional impulse that depolarizes the atria is traveling away from the positive electrode, thus producing a P wave that is:
inverted
A Premature Junctional Complex is a:
single ectopic beat
The rate for Junctional Escape Rhythm is _____ bpm.
40-60 bpm
In a Junctional Escape Rhythm, the QRS complex is _____ sec.
less than 0.12
The rate for Junctional Tachycardia is _____ bpm.
100-180 bpm
The rate for an Accelerated Junctional Rhythm is _____ bpm.
60-100 bpm
Which of the following is NOT true about Junctional Tachycardia?
it is irregular in a pattern of grouped beating
In junctional rhythms, the P wave will always be:
inverted
A basic rule of electricity is that current flowing toward a positive electrode (or away from a negative electrode) will produce a deflection that is:
upright
Which of the following is NOT true about the P wave in all junctional rhythms?
It is unrelated to the QRS
Which of the following terms DOES NOT apply to Premature Junctional Complex?
suppression
The normal inherent rate of the AV junction is:
40-60 bpm
Which of the following arrhythmias is NOT in the category called Supraventricular Tachycardia?
Accelerated Junctional Rhythm
When a rhythm is regular, with narrow QRS complexes, but firing at a rate so fast that you can’t distinguish the P waves to identify it more accurately, you can call the rhythm:
supraventricular tachycardia
A Premature Ventricular Contraction is a(n):
single irritable beat
A compensatory pause is a(n):
delay following a PVC
Unifocal PVCs:
look like each other
Multifocal PVCs:
they arise from multiple foci, they indicate increased irritability, they have a variety of configurations
Two PVCs attached together are referred to as:
a couplet
PVCs falling in a pattern of every other beat are referred to as:
bigeminy
When PVCs appear in a pattern where every third beat is a PVC, the pattern is called:
trigeminy
The heart rate for Ventricular Tachycardia is _____ bpm.
150-250 bpm
The QRS complexes in Ventricular Fibrillation are:
not measurable
The term “agonal” is used to describe a:
lethal arrhythmia
The rate for an Idioventricular Rhythm is _____ bpm.
20-40 bpm
The rhythm that is the result of the total absence of cardiac electrical activity is referred to as:
asystole
A basic rule for ventricular arrhythmias is that the QRS will be:
0.12 sec or greater
Ventricular Tachycardia that has a rate below 150 is identified as?
Slow Ventricular Tachycardia
The PR interval in Ventricular Tachycardia is:
not measured
Ventricular Tachycardia is caused by
an irritable focus within the ventricles
Which of the following is NOT true about Ventricular Tachycardia?
it has a constant PRI
When an ectopic falls during the vulnerable phase of the cardiac cycle, it is called:
R on T phenomenon
Which of the following types of PVCs is NOT considered a particular warning for increased myocardial irritability?
interpolation
Idioventricular Rhythm can be described as all of the following EXCEPT:
an irritable rhythm
Which of the following is NOT caused by irritability?
Idioventricular Rhythm
Which of the following is a feature of Asystole?
no measurable waves or complexes
Which of the following is NOT a lethal arrhythmia?
Premature Ventricular Complexes
Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of a Premature Ventricular Complex?
preceded by an upward P wave
Which of the following is NOT a sign of myocardial irritability?
Asystole
Which of the following is the premier diagnostic feature of Ventricular Fibrillation?
no measurable waves or complexes
