Knowledge Validation Flashcards
Why does the Emergency/Parking Brake need to be on prior to starting the external inspection?
To check the brake wear indicators.
Just because the parking brake is on, does this guarantee there is sufficient hydraulic pressure to check the brake wear indicators?
No
Hydraulic 1 and 2 must be pressurized
If the hydraulic pressure is depleted for the brakes, how can it be restored prior to the external walk around?
Activation of system 1 and 2 hydraulic pumps.
On the external inspection, you notice that the air data smart probes are covered in frost. What would be an appropriate action by the pilot?
Turn the ADSP Heater Switch to ON to remove frozen contaminants.
When parked aircraft have been exposed to freezing conditions, moisture can freeze inside the ADSPs and create undesired indications on the ground.
When airspeed indication is present on the PFD’s what messages may be displayed?
AFCS FAULT
AT FAIL
AP FAIL
FD FAIL
YD FAIL
APPR 2 NOT AVAIL
When is the ADSP Heater button pushed out?
After engine start, after Hydraulic Sys 1 pump is turned off.
Provide at least one other condition that would require heat being applied to the ADSPs during preflight.
OAT is at or below freezing and water, ice, or snow is present or suspected
On the first flight with temperatures below -18C
Smart Probes frozen
Eroneous airspeed indications present on the PFD with the following EICAS messages:
AFCS FAULT
AT FAIL - AP FAIL - FD FAIL - YD FAIL - APPR 2 NOT AVAIL
Describe preflight of Nose Landing Gear
Wheels and Tires - Check condition: flat spots, chord showing, pressure etc.
Check Clear of Ice ***
Uplock Hook - UNLOCKED
Downlock Springs - Check Condition
Strut / Wheel Well / Doors - Condition, No Leaks
Ground Locking Pin - Removed
Landing and Taxi Lights - Condition, Clean and Undamaged
Items with *** indicate what?
Items with *** must be accomplished when icing conditions exist or suspected
Describe the preflight of the RAT
Rat Safety Lock Pin - Removed
What is the proper preflight of the Engine Inlet
Check for FOD and leaks inside air inlet.
Ensure there is no damage to T12 sensor and FADEC cooling inlet is clear.
What is the proper preflight action of the Fan Blades?
Check for damaged blades and ensure fan is free to rotate
Check for damage on spinner
How many magnetic level indicators do we have to inspect?
3 on each wing
Describe the Main Landing Gear inspection
Wheels and tires - Condition
Up Lock Hook - unlocked
Down Lock Springs - Condition
Strut / Wheel Wells - Condition and no leaks
Grond Locking Pin - Removed
Break Wear Indicators - Check
What document would you refer to regarding missing static discharges?
Where is it located?
CDL
(Configuration Deviation List)
Located in AFM
What atmospheric conditions require a cold weather preflight inspection?
OAT is 5 degrees or less
Wing fuel temperature 0 degrees C or less
conditions conducive to icing exist
RON and may have frozen contaminants
Residual ice from previous flight
Cold soaked aircraft
What checklist is required prior to completing the deice/anti ice process
The Before Start Checklist
What is the guidance the checklist provides regarding running the APU during deicing procedures?
Should remain off
Where are the Deice / Anti-Ice communications elements found?
They are required
Found in Communication Elements Table
List the required communications elements
Type of fluid used
Percentage of fluid
Time of beginning of final step
Deicing complete
When does the final Hold Over Time begin?
When the final fluid application commences.
What does the HOT represent?
A range of time in which the fluid provides acceptable protection for varying precipation intensities
In the HOT table, what do the longer and shorter times represent?
Heavier vs. Lighter precipitation
What should the crew use to determine a HOT
Official weather observations
Tables from the GDPM should only be used in the absence of intensities listed in the official observation
GDPM Precipitation intensities and types
When is a pre-takeoff contamination check required
After the HOT has been exceeded or the HOT is no longer valid due to changing weather conditions.
Operating in Heavy Snow to ensure wings, control surfacess and critical surfaces are free of contaminants.
Can the pre takeoff contamination check be performed if the deice process was initiated at a location other than the wings?
NO
Engine failure procedure says hold STD
What do you do at fix?
Hold on inbound course
Standard Turns
Right Turns
What is the landing performance heirarcy
RW RCC values when reported
Contaminant type and BA
Most restrictive RCC is used for landing assessment
Are RCCs bidirectional
YES
They are evaluated to include displaced thresholds and are measured equally in either direction
What does TALPA stand for?
Takeoff and Landing Perforformance Assessment
What is the RCAM
Runway Condition Assessment Matrix
It is the tool used to access and report surface conditions
Maps FICON (field condition) contamination type and depth to a RCC
RCCs are used for?
For landing distance calculations
Used for departures to identify the runway third with most limiting contaminant
Used to determine operating limitations such as crosswind limits with low runway friction
RCC of 0 represents what?
NIL
Runway immediately closed
Limitations of RCC of 1 and 2
An Alternate must be listed
Not required with multiple runways with one runway reporting 3 or higher for every 3rd.
Dispatch requires expected runway to have reported an RCC of 3 or higher
How long are RCC Notams for?
RSC Notams are valid for 8 hours
What percentage of the runway surface needs to be covered to be considered contaminated?
Greater than 25%
What are RCCs used for?
For determining landing performance.
Used for departures to identify the runway third with the most limiting contaminant.
Used to determine operating crosswind limitations
What does TALPA stand for?
Takeoff and Landing Performance Assessment
What is RCAM
Runway Condition Assessment Matrix
Used to assess and report surface conditions when contaminants are present via FICON
Maps contamination type and depth to a RCC
What does RCC represent?
The braking action expected for a particular contaminant level
When powering up the aircraft, what is the minimum voltage?
22.5 volts
21V -22V consult SOP Safety and Power up table.
Recharge batteries prior to takeoff per the table.
Based on battery temp
Battery voltage is less than 21Volts
Report as an irregularity
Do Not Depart
Max Start ITT
815 deg C
Max Takeoff Weight
For LR
For LL
85,517 lbs ERJ LR
85,098 lbs for ERJ LL
Max Ramp Weight
LR
LL
85,870 lbs ERJ LR
85,470 lbs ERJ LL
Max landing weight
74,957 lbs
Max Runway Width
100 ft.
Min Taxi Width
50 ft
Wing Span
93 ft 11 in
Aircraft Length
103 ft 11 in
Tail Height
32 ft 4 in
Turn Radius wheel main to wing tip
Nose Tip
Tail
Nose Wheel
Minimum Turn Width
Wing Tip - 58 ft
Nose 52 ft
Tail 57 ft
Nose Wheel 38 ft
Min Turn Width 59 ft 2 in
Max Temp Takeoff and Land
ISA + 35 deg C
Min Temp for Takeoff
-40 deg C
Max Single Pack Operations
31,000 ft
After the EICAS is powered, how long must we wait before APU start?
After Fire Test and verifying no Fire Fail messages
30 seconds
Can takeoff and landing occur with a Fuel Imbalance Caution message?
Yes, as long as it is below 794 lbs.
Minimum Fuel Tank Temperature
-37 degrees C
Starter cranking limits attempts 1 and 2?
90 seconds
Minimum time between starts 1 and 2
10 seconds
How do starter cranking limits change in flight?
Max cumulative starter run time is 120 seconds per attempt
During engine start, N1 rotation must be verified by what N2?
Positive N1 rotation by 50% N2
Max brake temperature for takeoff
Green
Are static takeoffs recommended with a crosswind greater than 25 kts?
No, due to comprressor stall possibility
After Takeoff, when can the autopilot be engaged?
400 ft
Turbulent penetration speed?
270 KIAS
.76 Mach
Whichever is slower
Minimum OAT for APU start and operation?
-54 deg C
Maximum APU operational altitude?
33,000 ft.
Maximum crosswind for dry runway?
38 kts
Maximum crosswind for wet runway?
31 kts
Maximum gear retraction/extension/operation speed?
250 kts
Flap setting for CAT II
Flap 5 with Stall Prot Ice Speeds
Max wiper speed?
250 kts
Can we use RNAV LP mimimums?
NO
What is V2
Engine Failure Climb Speed
Minimum Runway Width?
100 ft
V tire
195 kts
Vmo
.82 Mach
Va
240 kts
Vle Vlo Vret
250 kts
Vmin to provide electrical power
130 kts
Vb above 10,000 ft
270 kts / .76 mach
V window
160 kts
Vfe 1
230 kts
Vfe 2
215 kts
Vfe 3
200 kts
Vfe 4/5
180 kts
Vfull
165 kts
Max altitude flaps / slats extended
20,000 ft
Starter Cranking Limts
Starts 1 and 2
90 seconds on 10 seconds off
Starts 3 - 5
90 seconds on 5 minutes off
Dry motoring cycle limits
First attempt
90 seconds on 5 minutes off
2 through 5
30 seconds on 5 minutes off
Max Fuel Capacity
20,935 lbs
Max Fuel Imbalance
794 lbs
Min Fuel Tank Temp
-37 deg C
APU Limitations
Minimum temperature
Max temperature
Max Altitude
-54 deg C
ISA +35 deg C
30,000 ft
If IDG fails in flight and the QRH directs to start APU, what considerations must be made?
Max altitude for APU start
30,000 ft
Min temperature for APU start
-54 deg C
Once the APU is started, what altitude can one climb to?
33,000 ft
Max crosswind for dry runway?
38 kts
Max crosswind for wet runway?
31 kts
Max wiper speed?
250 kts
Can we use RNAV LP minima?
NO
Max cumulative start time in flight?
120 seconds
During engine start, must see N1 rotation by …. ?
50%N2
Maximum brake temperature for takeoff
Must be in the green
What altitude can the autopilot be engaged after takeoff?
400 ft
Turbulent air penetration speed?
270 kts / .76 mach
Flaps setting for CATII approch
Flaps 5
Deviations called out by the PM are “recommended”?
Mandatory
“Glide Path” is a callout required when?
> One dot deviation on glide slope
On approach what bank angle would be a deviation requiring a call out?
> 25 degrees
“Bank Angle”
Stabilized Approach Criteria?
1500 ft or FAF, whichever occurs first:
Gear down, Flaps 3, 180 kts.
1000 ft: On lateral and vertical profile
Airspeed + 15 kts - 5 kts Vap
Sink Rate no more than 1000 fpm
Fully Configured
500 ft. in the bug and thrust above idle.
Battery 1 Overtemp
Associated Battery - OFF
Verify QRC
Followed by QRH
Max ITT on engine start?
Memory Item for Hot Start
815 deg C
Affected Engine Start / Stop Selector: STOP
QRC
QRH (Non Annunciated 1-6)
Shortly after takeoff cockpit fills with smoke… What is the memory item?
Crew O2: Don / Emergency
Crew Communications: Establish
Pressurization Dump: Push In
List the 5 CRM issues that are included in nearly every ASAP report
Unable to manage distractions
Inability to recognize task saturation and level
Non-specific WANT briefings that exclude key arrival procedure elements and go-around/missed approach planning
Briefing excludes key components preventing crew from having a shared mental model - especially during visual approaches.
Not holding other crewmembers accountable to the SOPM
The FOM lists 4 tools to mitigate distraction.
Recognize a state of becoming distracted, verbalize the concern and request help to reduce task saturation and increase awareness.
Use task prioritazation to determine what can be delayed for a later time during lower workload period.
Use good planning during low workload periods to coordinate efficient efforts during high workload periods
First officers maintain a state of readiness to assume delegated responsibilities, as directed by the Captain.
Name the common cues of task saturation observed through ASAP, LOSA, and FOQA.
Missed checklist items or entire checklists
Missed callouts
Missed configuration changes
Missed ATC read-backs
Abbreviated or omitted WANT briefings
Little or no communication
Lack of FMA correlation to intended mode
Min Temperature for APU start and operation
-54 deg C
When does the PM call out “Sink Rate”
When greater than 1000 fpm decent on approach
When does the PM call out the deviation “Speed”?
Target - 5 kts or any speed less than REF
When does the PM call “BANK”
On approach when bank angle is greater than 25 deg
Max speed above Vref at 1000 ft AFE
+15 kts
What speed is mandatory at 500 ft AFE
Speed in the bug and thrust above idle
What is min fuel
Fuel status has reached a state where, upon reaching the destination, the PIC cannot accept any undue delay
When would you declare Emergency Fuel
While in flight, when it is determined that the remaining fuel supply results in landing with less than 30 minutes of fuel
What can cause the FMS landing fuel to be inaccurate?
Arrivals with long downwind legs
Wrong runway loaded into FMS
Flying too fast or below filed altitude
Winds aloft don’t match forecast
EFC in hold page is wrong
STAR inaccurate for runway in use
Memory Items
Smoke Evacuation
Smoke Fire Fumes
Cabin Altitude High
Jammed Control Column Pitch
Jammec Control Wheel Roll
Pitch Trim Runaway
Roll or Yaw Trim Runaway
Steering Runaway
BATT 1 or 2 Overtemp
Smoke Evacuation
Oxygen Masks: DON / 100%
Crew Communications: Establish
Pressurization Dump: Push In
Smoke Fire Fumes Memory Items
Oxygen Masks: Don, 100%
Crew Communications Establish
Cabin Altitude High Memory Items
Oxygen Masks: Don 100%
Crew Communication Establish
Jammed Control Column
Elevator Disconnect Handle: Pull
Jammed Control Wheel - Roll
Aileron Disconnect Handle: Pull
Pitch Trim Runaway
AP / Trim Disc Button: Press and Hold
Pitch Trim Sys 1 and 2 Cutout Buttons: Push In
Roll or Yaw Trim Runaway
AP / Trim Disconnect Button: Press and Hold
Steering Runaway
Steer Disconnect Switch: Press
Steer the airplane using differential braking and rudder
BATT 1 or 2 Overtemp
Associated Battery: OFF
Engine Abnormal Start
Affected Engine Start Stop Selector: Stop
Check QRC
QRH: NAP Engine Abnormal Start
NAP Page 1-6
You’re flying at cruise when the AP kicks off and the aircraft pitches up
Pitch Trim Runaway
AP Disconnect switch: Press and Hold
Pitch Trim System 1 and 2 cutout buttons: Press
You’re flying at cruise when the AP disconnects and the airplane starts yawing and banking to the right. The Yaw Trim on the EICAS is deflecting to the right.
AP Disconnect Button: Press and Hold
QRC - QRH NAP 1-16
What four principle CRM skills is SkyWest choosing to focus on
Communication
Workload Management
Situational Awarness
Saturation Management
Lis the 5 CRM issues included in nearly every ASAP report
Unable to manage distractions
Inability to recognize task satuation and level
Non-specific WANT briefings that exclude key elements and go around/missed approach planning
Briefing excludes key components preventing crew from having a shared mental model - Especially during visual approach procedures, when to configure etc.
Not holding crewmembers accountable to the SOPM
4 tools to mitigate distraction
Recognize a state of becoming distracted, verbalize the concern and request help to reduce task satuation and increase awareness
Use task prioritization to determine what can be delayed for a later time during lower workloads
Use good planning during low workload periods to coordinate efficient efforts during high workload periods
First officers maintain a state of readiness to assume delegated responsibilities, as directed by the captain.
Does the FOM require briefings to include anticipated distractions along with a plan of how to manage this threat?
YES, the captain is responsible to brief anticipated distractions.
What is tunneling and how does it contribute to a loss of situational awareness
Under stress a pilot may focus on a single flight deck indicator and not notice other indications also relevant to the situation.
What CRM skill is severely diminished during tunneling
Situational awareness. Vigilance and problem identification lapses and ability to detect and manage threats is reduced.
What common errors do pilots make during high workload situations in regard to personal ability?
Overestimate peraonal ability to manage the workload and level of satuation. They may not even recognize the level of saturation.
Name the common cues of task saturation observed through ASAP, LOSA and FOQA
Missed checklist items or entire checklists
Missed callouts
Missed configuration changes
Missed ATC readbacks
Abbreviated or ommitted WANT briefings
Little or no communication
Lack of FMA correlation to intended mode
How mahy CRM issues that are included in nearly every ASAP report are a potential result of task satuarion?
4 out of 5
What Action should be employed when a pilot realizes they are in the yellow?
Verbalize the condition.
Follow the TEAM.
Choose an appropriate level of automation, access the criticality of the threat, communicate a plan of action to return to a greel level of saturation.
What key component must be included in visual approachy execution when the 10-7 contains EGPWS warning information?
Pilots follow the track and descent profile of an instrument approach procedure when conducting a visual approach at night.
If ACARS is inop, can a weight and balance be calculated?
Can it be used for departure?
YES, by using the Flt View Manifiest applet.
It can be used for departure.
Where can instructions for completing a manifest using the applet be found?
Flight View User Guide under the EFB iPad tile
When a mechanical irregularity is discovered after block out but prior to takeoff, the flight is autorized to continue under what conditions?
If there is an approved QRH procedure for the situation, not an inflight procedure.
Depart and enter discrepancy at destination.
Maintenance directed reset procedure or deferral.
PIC reports this immediately to MX and MX deteremins the action.
