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A level History Revision > Knowledge test - INDUSTRIALISATION > Flashcards

Knowledge test - INDUSTRIALISATION Flashcards

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1
Q

Define the Industrial Revolution

A

A period of time usually 1750-1900 when Britain experienced social and economic changes from cottage to factory based systems

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2
Q

What revolution preceeded the Industrial Revolution in Britain?

A

The agrarian revolution

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3
Q

What was the population of Britain in 1750?

A

6 million

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4
Q

What was the population of Britian in 1811?

A

18 million

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5
Q

What was the population of Britain in 1850?

A

27 million

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6
Q

What did the ‘Wealth of Nations’ propose?

A

Free market and laissez-faire economics to promote economic growth

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7
Q

Who wrote the ‘Wealth of Nations’ and when did he write it?

A

Adam Smith in 1776

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8
Q

Why is banking considered to be a cause of the Industrial Revolution?

A

Because it funded business ventures and start-ups

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9
Q

Why are Thomas Newcomen’s steam engine and the Spinning Jenny credited with making the Industrial Revolution possible?

A

Because the engine was the proto-type for steam-powered factories and the Spinning Jenny revolutionised the textile industry

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10
Q

How many banks had been established by 1784?

A

119

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11
Q

How many banks had been established by 1800?

A

800

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12
Q

Why was banking seen to be secure in Britain?

A

Because the exchange of receipts or bills for gold deposits was the beginning of paper currency

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13
Q

What were county banks allowed to do alongside city banks in 1797?

A

Issue bank notes/paper currency

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14
Q

What was removed from small country banks in 1826 to enable them to grow into joint stock banks?

A

A cap on banks to give them the right to issue notes

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15
Q

What was the name of the first joint stock bank?

A

Lancashire Banking Company 1826

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16
Q

Why was Britain credited with being the ‘workshop of the world’?

A

Because it was the first country to have an industrial revolution

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17
Q

What term is used to describe small scale industry performed in homes?

A

cottage industry

18
Q

By how many million pounds of cotton did importations increase by between 1761 and 1833?

A

297 million

19
Q

Name 2 other (from Q9) machines which transformed the cotton industry? 2 marks

A

Samuel Crompton’s Spinning Mule in 1779 and Richard Arkwright’s Water Frame in 1769

20
Q

Give 3 reasons/factors that caused the industrial revolution. 3 marks

A

Technology, banking, entrepreneurs, natural resources, small country/easy to travel to the coast, navigable rivers, peaceful country, stable government, protestant work ethic

21
Q

Why was Lancashire good for cotton mills? 2 reasons.

A

Cool climate stopped the cotton thread from splitting and close to the port of Liverpool, slave trade port and access to trading links, eastern coast closer to American trade, Manchester to Liverpool railway built in 1830

22
Q

Before steam powered engines were invented where were factories/mills sited?

A

Close to rivers to power the engines/machines

23
Q

Which raw material powered the steam engine?

A

coal

24
Q

In what areas of the UK did the industrial revolution thrive?

A

North west = textile manufacturing, north east = mining, Midlands = engineering

25
Q

Why did the industrial revolution thrive in these areas?

A

Cheap resources e.g. coal seams

26
Q

Which farming invention promoted greater productivity in agricultural areas?

A

Andrew Meikle’s threshing machine in 1789

27
Q

What is the main difference between the mechanisation in the agricultural south and the industrial north?

A

In the south it served to reduce the need for human labour while in the north it created a demand for it

28
Q

How would you describe the south-west and south-east of Britain during the Industrial Revolution?

A

agricultural/farming/agrarian

29
Q

By 1850 how many towns had grown to the size of 50,000 compared with only 2 in 1750?

A

27

30
Q

What other areas of the UK were transformed into industrial centres as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

A

Glasgow/Clyde Valley, Welsh Valleys, some parts of Cornwall exported tin

31
Q

Which transportation systems were prevalent in the 1700s?

A

Canals, roads, toll roads

32
Q

When was did railways really begin to herald the dawn of a new transportation age?

A

1830s

33
Q

Why was the Statute of Artificers Act repealed?

A

To stop the regulation of wages/a boost to laissez-faire policies

34
Q

When were ‘laissez-faire’ economic policies in operation and what were they designed to do?

A

1800-1830 - designed to encourage business/production/the industrial revolution

35
Q

How did the Industrial Revolution impact on the social structure of Britain?

A

creation of an urban working-class and the creation of the middle-class

36
Q

What were the attributes of the new middle-class? Give 2 points.

A

self-made men, entrepreneurs, driven by opportuntiy, factory owners or merchants, wealth creation, profit driven, free trade principles,

37
Q

Name 1 negative outcome of the relationship between the new middle-class and the urban working-class.

A

working-class identity/class consciousness, Middle-class often became the wedge in the middle of the social structure between w-c and u-c, conflict between the classes

38
Q

Name 1 positive outcome of the relationship between the new middle-class and the urban working-class.

A

working-class identity/class consciousness, rise of Chartism, reform movements, Middle-class consiously separation themselves from the working-class to create their own identity

39
Q

When was the Great Exhibition?

A

1851

40
Q

Why was the Great Exhibition important?

A

Because it showcased the inventions of the industrial revolution, international event, many thousands attended it

A level History Revision (1 decks)

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