Knowledge test - INDUSTRIALISATION

Question 1

Define the Industrial Revolution

Answer 1

A period of time usually 1750-1900 when Britain experienced social and economic changes from cottage to factory based systems

Question 2

What revolution preceeded the Industrial Revolution in Britain?

Answer 2

The agrarian revolution

Question 3

What was the population of Britain in 1750?

Answer 3

6 million

Question 4

What was the population of Britian in 1811?

Answer 4

18 million

Question 5

What was the population of Britain in 1850?

Answer 5

27 million

Question 6

What did the ‘Wealth of Nations’ propose?

Answer 6

Free market and laissez-faire economics to promote economic growth

Question 7

Who wrote the ‘Wealth of Nations’ and when did he write it?

Answer 7

Adam Smith in 1776

Question 8

Why is banking considered to be a cause of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 8

Because it funded business ventures and start-ups

Question 9

Why are Thomas Newcomen’s steam engine and the Spinning Jenny credited with making the Industrial Revolution possible?

Answer 9

Because the engine was the proto-type for steam-powered factories and the Spinning Jenny revolutionised the textile industry

Question 10

How many banks had been established by 1784?

Answer 10

119

Question 11

How many banks had been established by 1800?

Answer 11

800

Question 12

Why was banking seen to be secure in Britain?

Answer 12

Because the exchange of receipts or bills for gold deposits was the beginning of paper currency

Question 13

What were county banks allowed to do alongside city banks in 1797?

Answer 13

Issue bank notes/paper currency

Question 14

What was removed from small country banks in 1826 to enable them to grow into joint stock banks?

Answer 14

A cap on banks to give them the right to issue notes

Question 15

What was the name of the first joint stock bank?

Answer 15

Lancashire Banking Company 1826

Question 16

Why was Britain credited with being the ‘workshop of the world’?

Answer 16

Because it was the first country to have an industrial revolution

Question 17

What term is used to describe small scale industry performed in homes?

Answer 17

cottage industry

Question 18

By how many million pounds of cotton did importations increase by between 1761 and 1833?

Answer 18

297 million

Question 19

Name 2 other (from Q9) machines which transformed the cotton industry? 2 marks

Answer 19

Samuel Crompton’s Spinning Mule in 1779 and Richard Arkwright’s Water Frame in 1769

Question 20

Give 3 reasons/factors that caused the industrial revolution. 3 marks

Answer 20

Technology, banking, entrepreneurs, natural resources, small country/easy to travel to the coast, navigable rivers, peaceful country, stable government, protestant work ethic

Question 21

Why was Lancashire good for cotton mills? 2 reasons.

Answer 21

Cool climate stopped the cotton thread from splitting and close to the port of Liverpool, slave trade port and access to trading links, eastern coast closer to American trade, Manchester to Liverpool railway built in 1830

Question 22

Before steam powered engines were invented where were factories/mills sited?

Answer 22

Close to rivers to power the engines/machines

Question 23

Which raw material powered the steam engine?

Answer 23

coal

Question 24

In what areas of the UK did the industrial revolution thrive?

Answer 24

North west = textile manufacturing, north east = mining, Midlands = engineering

Question 25

Why did the industrial revolution thrive in these areas?

Answer 25

Cheap resources e.g. coal seams

Question 26

Which farming invention promoted greater productivity in agricultural areas?

Answer 26

Andrew Meikle's threshing machine in 1789

Question 27

What is the main difference between the mechanisation in the agricultural south and the industrial north?

Answer 27

In the south it served to reduce the need for human labour while in the north it created a demand for it

Question 28

How would you describe the south-west and south-east of Britain during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 28

agricultural/farming/agrarian

Question 29

By 1850 how many towns had grown to the size of 50,000 compared with only 2 in 1750?

Answer 29

27

Question 30

What other areas of the UK were transformed into industrial centres as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 30

Glasgow/Clyde Valley, Welsh Valleys, some parts of Cornwall exported tin

Question 31

Which transportation systems were prevalent in the 1700s?

Answer 31

Canals, roads, toll roads

Question 32

When was did railways really begin to herald the dawn of a new transportation age?

Answer 32

1830s

Question 33

Why was the Statute of Artificers Act repealed?

Answer 33

To stop the regulation of wages/a boost to laissez-faire policies

Question 34

When were 'laissez-faire' economic policies in operation and what were they designed to do?

Answer 34

1800-1830 - designed to encourage business/production/the industrial revolution

Question 35

How did the Industrial Revolution impact on the social structure of Britain?

Answer 35

creation of an urban working-class and the creation of the middle-class

Question 36

What were the attributes of the new middle-class? Give 2 points.

Answer 36

self-made men, entrepreneurs, driven by opportuntiy, factory owners or merchants, wealth creation, profit driven, free trade principles,

Question 37

Name 1 negative outcome of the relationship between the new middle-class and the urban working-class.

Answer 37

working-class identity/class consciousness, Middle-class often became the wedge in the middle of the social structure between w-c and u-c, conflict between the classes

Question 38

Name 1 positive outcome of the relationship between the new middle-class and the urban working-class.

Answer 38

working-class identity/class consciousness, rise of Chartism, reform movements, Middle-class consiously separation themselves from the working-class to create their own identity

Question 39

When was the Great Exhibition?

Answer 39

1851

Question 40

Why was the Great Exhibition important?

Answer 40

Because it showcased the inventions of the industrial revolution, international event, many thousands attended it